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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropsychologia. 2015 Sep 8;77:288–297. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.09.005

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Effective connectivity results for visual (A) and olfactory (B) systems. Black solid lines and gray dashed lines represent significant intrinsic connections (with parameter estimates alongside) and theoretical but nonsignificant intrinsic connections, respectively. Black intercepting lines represent significant modulatory effects of congruent (vs. incongruent) negative emotion for the corresponding modality (ONegVNeg − ONeutVNeg for the visual model; ONegVNeg − ONegVNeut for the olfactory model). These results demonstrate that congruent visual and olfactory negative input strengthens the connectivity between the amygdala and heteromodal convergence zones, suggesting a predominantly top-down mechanism underlying OV emotion integration. + = p<.10, * = p< .05, ** = p< .01.