TABLE 1.
Descriptive results of demographics and other characteristics by gender
| Characteristics | All (n=388) Mean±SD |
Women (n=94) Mean±SD |
Men (n=294) Mean±SD |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years; range: 21–70) | 41.7±8.0 | 40.6±6.0 | 42.1±8.6 | 0.050 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.2±4.7 | 26.0±4.8 | 30.3±4.2 | <0.0001 |
| Abdominal height (cm) | 20.9±3.5 | 18.1±3.1 | 21.7±3.1 | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 94.8±14.3 | 80.5±12.2 | 99.4±11.6 | <0.0001 |
| Body fat (%) | 25.5±6.1 | 30.7±5.9 | 23.8±5.1 | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 137.3±133.9 | 89.4±138.5 | 152.3±129.1 | <0.0001 |
| Glucose (fasting, mg/dl) | 93.0±13.1 | 86.7±8.3 | 95.0±13.7 | <0.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 46.4±14.8 | 58.5±15.8 | 42.6±12.3 | <0.0001 |
| Physical activity score | 21.5±18.3 | 21.6±17.2 | 21.4±18.7 | 0.952 |
| HF HRV (Hz)a | 144.0 (128.2–161.7) | 195.0 (154.0–246.9) | 130.6 (114.5–149.1) | 0.004 |
| LF HRV (Hz)a | 204.6 (186.6–224.3) | 184.7 (152.4–223.7) | 211.4 (190.3–234.8) | 0.217 |
| Leptina (pg/ml) | 8,196 (7,351–9,139) | 11,592 (9,609–13,983) | 7,336 (6,451–8,343) | <0.0001 |
| Adiponectin (ng/ml) | 13,392±7,321 | 19,550±8,467 | 11,422±5,655 | <0.0001 |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Hypertensive | 89 (23.1) | 17 (18.1) | 72 (24.7) | 0.188 |
| Diabetic | 9 (2.3) | 1 (1.1) | 8 (2.8) | 0.694 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 102 (26.5) | 8 (8.7) | 94 (32.1) | <0.0001 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.024 | |||
| White | 298 (78.2) | 67 (71.3) | 231 (80.5) | |
| African American | 76 (20.0) | 27 (28.7) | 49 (17.1) | |
| Hispanic | 7 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 7 (2.4) | |
| Education | 0.015 | |||
| ≤12 years/GED | 40 (10.4) | 3 (3.2) | 37 (12.7) | |
| College<4 yrs | 208 (54.0) | 58 (61.7) | 150 (51.6) | |
| College≥4 yrs | 137 (35.6) | 33 (35.1) | 104 (35.7) | |
| Police rank | 0.173 | |||
| Patrol officer | 267 (70.1) | 73 (77.7) | 194 (67.6) | |
| Sergeant/Lieutenant/Captain | 58 (15.2) | 10 (10.6) | 48 (16.7) | |
| Detective/Executive/Other | 56 (14.7) | 11 (11.7) | 45 (15.7) | |
| Smoking status | 0.036 | |||
| Current | 59 (15.4) | 21 (22.8) | 38 (13.0) | |
| Former | 95 (24.7) | 25 (27.2) | 70 (24.0) | |
| Never | 230 (59.9) | 46 (50.0) | 184 (63.0) |
P-values were obtained from t-tests (for continuous variables) and χ2 tests or Fisher’s exact tests (for categorical variables).
a
Variable was first log-transformed for analysis, and then the results were back-transformed for reporting.