. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Clin Periodontol. 2015 Jun;42(6):506–512. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12418

Table 2.

Characteristics of the study population

	Age	Smoking status	Cotinine (ng/ml)	Plaque (%)	Bleeding (%)	Pocket depth (mm)	BMI (kg/m²)
No gingivitis No GDM (n = 27)	28.7 (4.5)	3/27 (11.1%)	5.5 (14.6)	20.4 (1.9)	20.4 (1.9)	1.0 (0.2)	21.7 (2.3)
Gingivitis No GDM (n = 31)	28.2 (4.5)	3/31 (9.6%)	8.3 (25.7)	72.3 (13.3)^***	69.0 (14.0)^***	2.4 (0.5)^***	21.1 (3.5)
No gingivitis GDM (n = 21)	33.1 (5.0)^#	4/21 (19.0%)	31.7 (81.7)	20.0 (0)	20.0 (0)	1.0 (0.0)	27.4 (4.1)^###
Gingivitis GDM (n = 38)	31.0 (4.9)	5/38 (13.2%)	22.3 (66.9)	72.6 (17.5)^***	70.3 (18.4)^***	2.6 (0.6)^***	28.2 (5.5)^***

p ≤ 0.05;

^***/###

p ≤ 0.001.

Gingivitis versus no gingivitis;

GDM versus No GDM.