Table 3.

Mean differences in Physiologic parameters of E24H and SE24H groups during the pharmacokinetic sampling interval

Variable	Mean	Lower	Upper	p Value
Heart rate	1.41	−9.54	12.36	0.815
Mean arterial BP	−23.83	−31.35	−16.25	<0.001
Mean PAP	1.77	−0.83	4.37	0.234
CVP	0.93	−3.00	4.86	0.669
CCO	−2.09	−3.30	−0.87	0.01
SvO2	−0.78	−3.31	1.74	0.585
PEEP	2.09	0.66	3.52	0.02
Respiratory rate (sheep)	2.33	0.18	4.48	0.068
Tidal volume	−38.24	−135.38	58.87	0.479
FiO2	7.77	−2.04	17.69	0.151
paO2	48.05	0.43	95.67	0.053
paCO2	3.12	−0.28	6.52	0.115
Running fluid balance	4604.14	2779.38	6428.89	<0.001
ctHb	2.00	1.34	2.66	<0.001
pH	−0.07	−0.10	−0.03	0.003
Body temperature	−0.06	−0.38	0.27	0.754
Lactate	0.71	0.26	1.16	0.013
Midazolam dose per hour	−5.97	−21.37	9.42	0.485
Urine output	6.68	−54.88	68.25	0.843
Albumin	−14.91	−16.70	−13.10	<0.001
ALT	5.12	−6.25	16.49	0.419
AST	82.87	−23.66	189.39	0.175
Bilirubin (Direct)	−0.48	−1.68	0.73	0.476
Bilirubin (Total)	−0.12	−0.71	0.50	0.823
Creatinine	0.56	−11.52	12.64	0.933
Total protein	−26.60			<0.001
Urea	0.79	−0.47	2.06	0.271
Urine creatinine	−4327.47	−9508.52	974.49	0.322

BP blood pressure, PAP pulmonary arterial pressure, CVP central venous pressure, CCO continuous cardiac output, SvO ₂ mixed venous oxygen saturation, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, FiO ₂ fraction of inspired oxygen, paO ₂ partial pressure of oxygen, paCO ₂ partial pressure of carbon dioxide, ctHb concentration of total blood haemoglobin, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase

The analysis was carried out using a mixed model with a random intercept for each sample. The results are presented as mean difference and 95 % confidence intervals, including a linear time trend and using each sheep’s baseline (time 0) as a covariate