Table 4.
Subgroup analysis of 5-year cumulative mortality following first-time admission with myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock comparing patients with and without AKI-RRT
| Exposure | No. of deaths | No. of hospital survivorsa | No AKI-RRT 5-year risk % (95 % CI) |
AKI-RTT 5-year risk % (95 % CI) |
Hazard ratiob
(95 % CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 479 | 2164 | 26.3 (24.0–28.9) | 44.7 (36.1–54.3) | 1.85 (1.41–2.43) |
| Female | 264 | 895 | 34.9 (31.0–39.1) | 45.3 (30.2–63.7) | 1.04 (0.64–1.68) |
| Age group (years) | |||||
| <60 | 80 | 766 | 12.1 (9.3–15.5) | 32.4 (20.0–49.8) | 3.00 (1.67–5.40) |
| 60–69 | 185 | 966 | 23.0 (19.8–26.6) | 30.1 (20.5–44.7) | 1.24 (0.76–2.02) |
| 70–79 | 309 | 989 | 37.1 (33.2–41.3) | 60.6 (45.5–76.1) | 1.47 (0.82–2.57) |
| ≥ 80 | 169 | 338 | 58.7 (51.7–65.7) | 77.6 (51.9–95.3) | 1.45 (0.82–2.57) |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Congestive heart failure | |||||
| No | 658 | 2893 | 27.0 (24.9–29.2) | 43.2 (35.2–52.1) | 1.64 (1.28–2.11) |
| Yes | 85 | 166 | 62.9 (52.9–73.0) | 62.3 (36.6–87.6) | 0.67 (0.33–1.25) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | |||||
| No | 613 | 2760 | 26.4 (24.3–28.7) | 43.5 (25.2–52.7) | 1.69 (1.31–2.19) |
| Yes | 130 | 299 | 52.5 (44.9–60.4) | 55.8 (36.2–77.3) | 1.11 (0.33–1.35) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | |||||
| No | 631 | 2752 | 26.8 (24.7–29.1) | 42.8 (34.8–51.7) | 1.54 (1.20–1.98) |
| Yes | 112 | 307 | 50.0 (42.0–58.7) | 60.9 (39.6–82.6) | 2.23 (1.16–4.28) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | |||||
| No | 632 | 2802 | 26.6 (24.5–28.8) | 46.1 (37.9–55.1) | 1.86 (1.45–2.28) |
| Yes | 111 | 257 | 52.7 (45.1–60.7) | 33.4 (17.3–58.1) | 0.56 (0.26–1.21) |
| Hypertension | |||||
| No | 668 | 2874 | 27.8 (25.7–30.0) | 42.5 (34.6–51.4) | 1.76 (1.33–2.32) |
| Yes | 75 | 185 | 47.8 (38.2–58.3) | 68.4 (43.5–90.3) | 1.18 (0.77–1.80) |
| Atrial fibrillation | |||||
| No | 629 | 2938 | 28.1 (26.1–30.4) | 44.4 (36.7–52.9) | 1.56 (1.21–2.01) |
| Yes | 74 | 195 | 50.1 (40.7–60.3) | 70.0 (45.5–90.7) | 1.53 (0.79–2.98) |
| VTE | |||||
| No | 726 | 3023 | 28.7 (26.6–30.8) | 45.2 (37.3–53.8) | 1.60 (1.26–2.03) |
| Yes | 17 | 36 | 46.8 (30.1–67.2) | 40.0 (11.8–87.4) | 1.22 (0.27–5.46) |
| Chronic kidney disease | |||||
| No | 694 | 2964 | 28.0 (25.9–30.2) | 41.9 (34.0–50.8) | 1.60 (1.24–2.06) |
| Yes | 49 | 95 | 67.9 (53.7–81.3) | 75.5 (48.5–95.0) | 0.94 (0.49–1.79) |
| Liver disease | |||||
| No | 729 | 3038 | 28.6 (26.5–30.8) | 44.6 (36.9–53.2) | 1.60 (1.26–2.03) |
| Yes | 14 | 21 | 70.2 (45.3–91.2) | – | 0.73 (0.08–6.48) |
| Diabetes mellitus | |||||
| No | 590 | 2562 | 26.8 (24.6–29.1) | 42.2 (33.9–51.5) | 1.71 (1.31–2.24) |
| Yes | 153 | 497 | 41.6 (35.6–48.3) | 58.0 (38.7–78.5) | 1.22 (0.75–1.99) |
| Cancer | |||||
| No | 661 | 2845 | 27.5 (25.4–29.7) | 44.7 (36.8–53.5) | 1.62 (1.27–2.07) |
| Yes | 82 | 214 | 47.2 (38.8–56.5) | 49.2 (23.4–82.2) | 1.03 (0.41–2.58) |
| Obesity | |||||
| No | 724 | 2978 | 28.8 (26.7–31.0) | 44.7 (36.9–53.3) | 1.60 (1.26–2.03) |
| Yes | 19 | 81 | 31.7 (19.9–48.0) | 60.2 (17.9–98.7) | 1.19 (0.33–4.28) |
| In-hospital procedures | |||||
| No CAG, PCI or CABG | 264 | 481 | 63.1 (57.5–68.6) | 51.3 (36.7–67.8) | 0.71 (1.26–2.03) |
| PCI | 220 | 1185 | 22.7 (19.7–26.2) | 46.8 (35.7–60.8) | 2.26 (1.57–3.25) |
| CABG | 217 | 1334 | 17.5 (15.0–20.2) | 37.7 (25.8–52.7) | 2.18 (1.38–3.44) |
| MI subgroups | |||||
| STEMI | 252 | 1199 | 25.8 (22.6–29.3) | 39.8 (29.3–52.4) | 1.70 (1.17–2.47) |
| Non-STEMI | 282 | 1138 | 29.2 (26.0–37.8) | 47.9 (30.9–68.3) | 1.74 (1.07–2.83) |
| MI unspecified | 209 | 722 | 33.5 (29.2–38.3) | 48.7 (36.0–63.1) | 1.27 (0.84–1.91) |
a Patients surviving until hospital discharge
b Adjusted for propensity score; the propensity score was calculated within each subgroup including the same baseline variables as in the overall propensity score except for the subgroup variable itself. The hazard ratio is based on AKI-RRT patients compared with non-AKI-RRT patients
AKI acute kidney injury, AKI-RRT Acute kidney injury treated with renal replacement therapy, CABG coronary arterial bypass graft, CAG coronary angiography, CI confidence interval, MI myocardial infarction, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, STEMI ST-elevation myocardial infarction, VTE venous thromboembolism