Table 1. Socio-demographic and health characteristics of HIV-positive adolescents by knowledge of HIV-status.
| Category | Factor | Knows HIV-status (n = 584)a | Does not know HIV-status (n = 274)a | Total HIV-positive sample (n = 858)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Female | 317 (54.3)* | 129 (45.7)* | 446 (52.0) |
| Male | 267 (47.1)* | 145 (52.9)* | 412 (48.0) | |
| Age | Age in yearsa | 14.28 (2.66)*** | 11.95 (2.00)*** | 13.53 (2.69) |
| 10–14 years old | 328 (56.2)*** | 241 (88)*** | 569 (66.3) | |
| 15–19 years old | 256 (43.8)*** | 33 (12)*** | 289 (33.7) | |
| Residence | Urban | 475 (82.5)** | 195 (73.6)** | 670 (79.7) |
| Rural | 101 (17.5)** | 70 (26.4)** | 171 (20.3) | |
| Ethnicity | Xhosa | 562 (96.2) | 265 (96.7) | 827 (96.4) |
| Other | 22 (3.8) | 9 (3.3) | 31 (3.6) | |
| Housing type | Informal | 96 (16.4) | 46 (16.8) | 142 (16.6) |
| Formal | 488 (83.6) | 228 (83.2) | 716 (83.4) | |
| Poverty | Missing any of the basic eight necessities | 400 (68.5)** | 168 (61.3)* | 568 (66.2) |
| Hunger in the last week | 91 (15.6) | 41 (15.0) | 132 (15.4) | |
| Caregiving arrangement | Living with biological parent | 240 (41.4)* | 139 (50.7)* | 379 (44.4) |
| Maternal orphan | 291 (49.8)*** | 97 (35.4)*** | 388 (45.2) | |
| Paternal orphan | 194 (33.2)** | 65 (23.7)** | 259 (30.2) | |
| Double orphan | 106 (18.2)** | 30 (10.9)** | 136 (15.9) | |
| Mode of infection | Vertically | 420 (71.9)** | 164 (28.1)** | 584 (68.1) |
| Horizontally | 224 (81.8)** | 50 (18.2)** | 274 (31.9) | |
| Treatment-related factors | Years on ARTa | 6.45 (4.68)* | 5.83 (4.15)* | 6.26 (4.53) |
| Non adherent in the last week | 196 (33.6) | 100 (36.5) | 296 (34.5) | |
| Access to healthcare services | Hospital | 256 (43.8)* | 95 (34.7)* | 351 (40.9) |
| Clinic or community healthcare centre | 328 (56.2)* | 179 (65.3)* | 507 (59.1) | |
| Health | At least 2 STI symptoms | 78 (13.4) | 40 (14.6) | 118 (13.8) |
| At least one opportunistic infection | 348 (59.6) | 172 (62.8) | 520 (60.6) |
Notes: This table includes the results of a series of chi-square tests with knowing one's status as an outcome and the noted factor as the independent variable. The first two columns display numbers and proportional percentages within groups, the third column displays numbers and shares between groups. Bold typeface indicates determinants that were significant: ***p ≤ .001, **p ≤ .01, *p ≤ .05.
aAll values displayed are numbers (%) except for age in years, and years on treatment. These display mean (SD).