Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of trial participants
| Variable | Mean (SD)
|
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DTG (n=22) | CG (n=23) | ||
| Age (years) | 69.00 (3.83) | 70.43 (5.53) | 0.320 |
| Female, n (%) | 16 (72.7) | 16 (69.6) | 0.815* |
| Education (years) | 9.82 (2.75) | 9.52 (2.61) | 0.713 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.75 (3.44) | 23.90 (2.58) | 0.352 |
| MMSE (0–30) | 27.23 (1.63) | 26.43 (2.00) | 0.153 |
| MoCA (0–30) | 20.59 (2.92) | 20.96 (2.70) | 0.665 |
| Medication use (0–23)a | 0.77 (0.61) | 0.70 (0.76) | 0.712 |
| Comorbidities (0–8)b | 1.27 (0.83) | 1.48 (1.04) | 0.468 |
Notes:
a
Measured on 23 medical conditions (eg, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, depression, cancers);
b
measured on eight categories of comorbid conditions (eg, neurological, psychiatric/mood, heart/circulation, pulmonary);
*
χ2 test.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CG, control group; DTG, dumbbell-training group; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; SD, standard deviation.