Figure 4.

Chloroquine (CQ) induces mitochondrial apoptosis. (A) Treatment with CQ led to mitochondrial membrane depolarization. HepG2 and Huh7 cells were treated with CQ. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization was detected with mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit with JC-1, according to the manufacturer's protocol. All data are representative of three independent experiments. (B) Effects of CQ on the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins. HepG2 and Huh7 cells were treated with CQ for 72 h and subjected to western blot analysis using antibodies against pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins. GAPDH served as a loading control.