Table 1. Summary of reported psychometric properties and interpretability of study measures.
| Measure | Reliability | Type of validity | Items | Scoring/range | Meaning of high score | Est. time to complete |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical functioning | ||||||
| Step-in-place test | Test–retest ICC = 0.90 33 | Criterion, convergent and known-groups 33 | 1 | Number of steps in 2 min | Better aerobic endurance | 4 min |
| Functional reach | Test–retest ICC = 0.81 34 | Criterion and convergent 34 | 1 | Distance in inches | Better dynamic balance | 2–3 min |
| Single leg stance | Inter-rater ICC = 0.76 35 | Known-groups 52 | 1 | 0–60 s | Better static balance | 1–2 min |
| Arm curls | Test–retest ICC = 0.81 33 | Criterion, convergent and known-groups 33 | 1 | Number in 30 s | Better upper body strength | 1–2 min |
| Chair stand | Test–retest ICC = 0.89 33 | Criterion, convergent and known-groups 33 | 1 | Number in 30 s | Better low body strength | 1–2 min |
| Back scratch | Test–retest ICC = 0.96 33 | Content and known-groups 33 | 1 | Overlap/gap in inches | Better upper body flexibility | 2–3 min |
| Chair sit-and-reach | Test–retest ICC = 0.95 33 | Criterion, convergent and known-groups 33 | 1 | Distance in inches | Better lower body flexibility | 2–3 min |
| Cognitive functioning | ||||||
| Animal naming | Test–retest r = 0.65–88 36 | Convergent and known-groups 39 | 1 | Number in 60 s | Better verbal retrieval and recall | 2 min |
| Forward and backward digit span tests | Test–retestr = 0.66–0.89 53,54 | Convergent and known-groups 36,40 | Up to 30 | Number of correct sequences | Better attention, concentration and mental tracking | 4–5 min |
| Psychosocial functioning | ||||||
| MOS SF-36 | Internal consistency r = 0.78–0.93 55 | Convergent and discriminate 55,56 | 36 | 0 to 100 | Better perceived health-related quality of life | 5–10 min |
| PSS | Test–retest r = 0.85 29 | Concurrent, predictive, and known-groups 29,57 | 10 | 0 to 40 | More perceived stress | 5–10 min |
| CES-D | Split-half r = 0.76–0.85 30 | Convergent, discriminate and known-groups 30,58 | 20 | 0 to 60 | More depressive symptoms ≥ 16 clinical cut-point | 5–10 min |
| MSPSS | Test–retest r = 0.85 31 | Content, convergent and factorial 31,59 | 12 | 1 to 7 | More perceived social support | 5 min |
| TCSE | Internal consistency r = 0.95–0.97 32 | Content, known-groups 32 | 14 | 0 to 100 | More confidence or perceived self-efficacy | 5 min |
| Total est. time | 44–66 min | |||||
Est. = estimated, ICC = intraclass correlation coefficient, MOS SF-36 = Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-items, PSS = Perceived Stress Scale, CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, MSPSS = Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, TCSE = Tai Chi exercise self-efficacy.