Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants by intervention group
| Total | Control group (printed education materials only) | Intervention group (patient navigation + PEM) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | (N = 1358) | (N = 720) | (N = 638) | P value* |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Age group (years) | ||||
| > 75 | 398 (29.3) | 216 (30.0) | 182 (28.5) | 0.55 |
| ≤ 75 | 960 (70.7) | 504 (70.0) | 456 (71.5) | |
| Education | ||||
| < High school diploma | 362 (27.0) | 190 (26.7) | 172 (27.2) | 0.54 |
| High school diploma | 363 (27.0) | 201 (28.3) | 162 (25.6) | |
| >High school diploma | 618 (46.0) | 320 (45.0) | 298 (47.2) | |
| Income | ||||
| <$20,000 | 596 (53.5) | 330 (55.1) | 266 (51.5) | 0.24 |
| ≥$20,000 | 519 (46.5) | 269 (44.9) | 250 (48.5) | |
| Family history of BC | ||||
| No | 1063 (79.6) | 567 (80.4) | 496 (78.6) | 0.41 |
| Yes | 273 (20.4) | 138 (19.6) | 135 (21.4) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| < 3 | 510 (38.7) | 266 (38.0) | 244 (39.5) | 0.58 |
| ≥ 3 | 808 (61.3) | 434 (62.0) | 374 (60.5) | |
| Medicaid | ||||
| No | 1158 (86.9) | 622 (88.2) | 536 (85.5) | 0.14 |
| Yes | 174 (13.1) | 83 (11.8) | 91 (14.5) | |
| Medigap | ||||
| No | 547 (40.7) | 292 (41.1) | 255 (40.4) | 0.79 |
| Yes | 796 (59.3) | 419 (58.9) | 377 (59.6) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married/living with partner | 289 (21.6) | 134 (18.9) | 155 (24.6) | 0.04 |
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 943 (70.4) | 518 (72.9) | 425 (67.5) | |
| Never married | 108 (8.0) | 58 (8.2) | 50 (7.9) | |
| Level of health literacy† | ||||
| Low | 533 (41.6) | 269 (39.8) | 264 (43.6) | 0.17 |
| Adequate | 749 (58.4) | 407 (60.2) | 342 (56.4) | |
| Up to date with BC screening at baseline‡ | ||||
| No | 161 (12.0) | 90 (12.7) | 71 (11.3) | |
| Yes | 1176 (88.0) | 617 (87.3) | 559 (88.7) | 0.41 |
Abbreviations: PEM, printed educational materials; BC, breast cancer
* P value calculated using Pearson’s chi-squared test
†Individuals were considered at risk for low health literacy if they scored 6 or less on the REALM-R health literacy tool
‡Up to date with breast cancer screening defined as self-reported mammography within 1 year of date of randomization. Note: Column percentages that do not equal 100 % are due to missing data