Table 2.
Patient health characteristics (patient survey data except where noted)
| All admissions | Moderately/ weakly acuity-driven admissions | Strongly acuity-driven admissions | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 297) | (n = 112) | (n = 185) | ||
| Previous medical attention for chief complaint, n (%) | 0.18 | |||
| None | 95 (32) | 40 (36) | 55 (30) | |
| ED only | 43 (15) | 19 (17) | 24 (13) | |
| Office/clinic only | 83 (28) | 32 (29) | 51 (28) | |
| Both ED and office/clinic | 76 (26) | 21 (19) | 55 (30) | |
| PHQ2 screen positive, n (%) | 97 (33) | 44 (39) | 53 (29) | 0.06 |
| Inadequate health literacy, n (%) | 111 (38) | 49 (44) | 62 (34) | 0.09 |
| Health-related quality of life: number of days in last month unable to perform usual activities, n (%) | 0.71 | |||
| 0 | 108 (36) | 39 (35) | 69 (37) | |
| 1 to 3 | 46 (16) | 18 (16) | 28 (15) | |
| 4 to 9 | 28 (9) | 10 (9) | 18 (10) | |
| 10 to 15 | 24 (8) | 6 (5) | 18 (10) | |
| >15 | 91 (31) | 39 (35) | 52 (28) | |
| Usual source of care, n (%) (n = 290, 7 missing) | 0.41 | |||
| Doctor’s office or clinic | 195 (66) | 70 (63) | 125 (68) | |
| Emergency department | 44 (15) | 16 (14) | 28 (15) | |
| Other place | 5 (2) | 2 (2) | 3 (2) | |
| None | 46 (16) | 19 (17) | 27 (15) | |
| Primary care provider, yes, n (%) | 250 (85) | 93 (83) | 157 (85) | 0.6 |
| Primary care utilization in the year preceding enrollment, n (%) | 0.76 | |||
| 0–1 visit/year | 43 (14) | 13 (12) | 30 (16) | |
| 2–9 visits/year | 139 (47) | 52 (46) | 87 (47) | |
| >9 visits/year | 113 (38) | 46 (15) | 67 (36) | |
| Unsure | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | |
| ED utilization* in the year preceding enrollment (administrative data), n (%) | 0.02 | |||
| 0–1 visit/year | 234 (79) | 78 (70) | 156 (84) | |
| 2–9 visits/year | 57 (19) | 29 (26) | 28 (15) | |
| >9 visits/year | 6 (2) | 5 (4) | 1 (1) | |
| Inpatient utilization in the year preceding enrollment (administrative data), n (%) | 0.34 | |||
| None | 164 (55) | 66 (59) | 98 (53) | |
| Low (1 hospitalization/year) | 72 (24) | 23 (21) | 49 (26) | |
| Moderate (2–3 hospitalizations/year) | 33 (11) | 9 (8) | 24 (13) | |
| High (>3 hospitalizations/year) | 28 (9) | 14 (13) | 14 (8) | |
| ESI score (administrative data), mean (SD) (5 missing: n = 292, 109, 183) |
2.43 (0.5) | 2.52 (0.5) | 2.38 (0.5) | 0.017 |
*Includes ED visits at Yale New Haven Hospital only and does not include ED visits leading to admission, which are captured by the Inpatient utilization values