Fig. 1.

Characterization of bioenergetic deficits in APP cells. a Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and b extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of Mock and APP cells were simultaneously measured using a XF24 Analyzer (Seahorse Bioscience). The sequential injection of mitochondrial inhibitors is indicated by arrows (see details in the “Materials and methods” section). Changes in the OCR and ECAR are shown as a percent change from baseline (=100 %, dashed line). c Values corresponding to the different bioenergetic parameters are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 8–10 replicates). d ATP levels and e mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in Mock and APP cells. Values represent the mean ± SEM (n = 12–18 replicates of three independent experiments). Student unpaired t test, *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001. O oligomycin, F FCCP, R/A rotenone/antimycin A