Fig. 4.

Effects of neurosteroids on bioenergetic parameters in APP cells. a Basal respiration, b ATP turnover, c maximal respiration, d spare respiratory capacity, and e glycolytic reserve were measured after neurosteroid treatment for 24 h at a concentration of 100 nM in APP cells, using a XF24 Analyzer (Seahorse Bioscience). Values represent the mean ± SEM (n = 8–10 replicates) and were normalized to 100 % of the control group (untreated APP cells, dashed line). One-way ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett’s multiple comparison test versus control, *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001. P progesterone, E2 estradiol, E1 estrone, T testosterone, 3α 3α-androstanediol