Table 2.
Examples for biosensor engineering
| TF; source | Analyte | Host | Output | Characteristics/architecture |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AraC-IdiSynth; E. coli | Isopentenyl diphosphate (lycopene) | E. coli | MutD5-mCherry | Sensor based on a synthetic TF composed of a isoprenoid binding domain and the DNA binding domain of AraC (Chou and Keasling 2013) |
| AraC-mev; E. coli | Mevalonate | E. coli | GFPuv | Screening of an AraC mutant library for a TF with a specific response towards mevalonate (mutated ligand binding site) (Tang and Cirino 2011) |
| AraC-Mut; E. coli | D-arabinose | E. coli | GFP | Screening of an AraC mutant library for a TF with a specific response towards D-arabinose (mutated ligand binding site) (Tang et al. 2008) |
| AraC-TAL; E. coli | Triacetic acid lactone | E. coli | GFP, LacZ | Screening of an AraC mutant library for a TF with a specific response towards triacetic acid lactone (mutated ligand binding site) (Tang et al. 2013) |
| BenR; P. putida | Benzoate, 3-methylbenzoate | P. putida | LuxCDABE | Introduction of a second operator motif into the promoter region increased specificity of the biosensor towards 3-methylbenzoate (Silva-Rocha and de Lorenzo 2012) |
| DcuS/EnvZ chimeric TCS; E. coli | Fumarate | E. coli | GFP | Chimeric TCS-based sensor for the extracellular sensing of fumarate (Ganesh et al. 2013) |
| GAL4-IdiSynth; S. cerevisiae/E. coli | Isopentenyl diphosphate (isoprenoids) | E. coli | Citrine | Sensor based on a synthetic TF composed of a isoprenoid binding domain and the DNA binding domain of GAL4 (Chou and Keasling 2013) |
| MalK/EnvZ chimeric TCS; B. subtilis/E. coli | Malate | E. coli | GFP | Sensor based on a chimeric TCS enabling the extracellular detection of malate by E. coli (Ganesh et al. 2015) |
| MetJ-B42; E. coli | S-adenosyl-methionine | S. cerevisiae | Venus, HIS3 | Equipment of the E. coli TF MetJ with the transcriptional activation domain B42 results in the functional expression in S. cerevisiae (Umeyama et al. 2013) |
| PhlF; E. coli | 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol | HEK293 cells | YFP | Equipment of the E. coli TF PhlF with eukaryotic-specific signals results in 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol recognition in eukaryotic HEK293 cells (Stanton et al. 2014) |
| XylR; P. putida | 3-Methyl-benzylalcohol m-xylene | P. putida | LuxCDABE | Equipment of the biosensor with a positive feedback loop and an attenuation mechanism shifted the specificity towards m-xylene (de Las Heras et al. 2012) |