Figure 5. DIM inhibits phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5 associated with the development of CD11c⁺CD103⁺ DCs. BM cells were induced to differentiate into CD11c⁺CD103⁺ DCs with Flt3L for 7 days and then with Flt3L/GM-CSF for 1 h. Next, the cells (FGBMCs) were harvested for protein analysis by western blotting (a). For CD11c⁺ CD103⁺ DCs, BM cells were cultured with Flt3L for 7 days, harvested, and sorted for the expression of CD11c/CD103. Then, the CD11c⁺CD103⁺ DCs were cultured with Flt3L/GM-CSF for 1 h and harvested for protein analysis (b). DIM (1 µM) or DMSO (0.1% v/v) was added to the culture 1 h before the addition of Flt3L/GM-CSF. The results are representative of three separate experiments that showed similar results.