Figure 4. The suppression of p38 MAPK and NF-κB activation by treatment with GV1001. Con A-activated PBMCs were pre-treated with GV1001 (100 µM) for 1 h, and then stimulated with anti-ENO1 mAb for 120 min for p38 MAPK and 5 min for NF-κB. Then, the cells were collected and lysed with lysis buffer to extract proteins for immunoblotting. Levels of (A) the phosphorylated form of p38 (p-p38) and total p38 and (C) the phosphorylated form of p65 (p-p65) and total p65 were examined by immunoblotting. A densitometry analysis was performed and results are represented as the fold increase in the phosphorylated form over the total form of (B) p-p38/p38 and (D) p-p65/p65. Results are representative of three independent experiments. ^**p< 0.01, ^***p<0.001.