Table 1. Comparison between the proposed HTITA strategy and other reported electrochemical bisoensors based on heterogeneous target binding for DNA detection.

Signal amplification method	Linear range (M)	Detection limit (M)	Real sample Detection	References
Target recycling and RCA	10−11 ~ 10−15	2.5 × 10−16	No	9
RCA and QDs tag	10−11 ~ 10−17	11 × 10−17	No	10
Enzymatic cleavage	10−10 ~ 10−14	10−14	No	12
Exonuclease III	10−9 ~ 10−14	8.7 × 10−15	Yes (with PCR)	13
CSD and Au NPs	10−12 ~ 10−16	3 × 10−17	No	16
HTITA	10−10 ~ 10−15	9.7 × 10−16	Yes	This wok