Table 3.

Correlations among central study variables

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
Background variables
1. Age	––
2. Gender	0.15***	––
3. Residence (1 = priv, 2 = inst)	−0.05	0.08	––
4. Widowed (1 = yes, 0 = no)	0.06	0.07	−0.05	––
5. Education	−0.19*	−0.02	−0.13	−0.03	––
6. US born (1 = yes, 0 = no)	0.05	−0.03	0.17	0.14	0 .14	––
Physical functioning
7. Number of illnesses	−0.08	−0.01	−0.10	0 .07	0.05	0.05	––
8. Subjective health	0.12	−0.10	−0.04	0.00	0.01	0.05	−0.19*	––
9. PADL	−0.02	−0.15	−0.32**	−0.04	0.11	−0.06	−0.46**	−0.27**	––
10. IADL	−0.13	−0.14	−0.11	0.06	0.08	−0.03	−0.31**	−0.17***	0.77**	––
Cognitive functioning
11. MMSE	−0.18*	−0.08	−0.05	0.12	0.24**	0.12	0.15	−0.02	0.08	0.21*	––
12. GlobDetScalea	−0.10	−0.03	0.06	0.00	0.03	0.09	0.18***	0.00	0.08	0.12	0.75*	––
Social resources
13. Number of living children	−0.13	−0.09	0 .00	0.22*	−0.03	0.08	0.01	−0.04	−0.13	−0.03	0.03	0.04	––
14. Relatives support	−0.11	−0.04	−0.02	0.04	0.27**	0.20***	0.01	0.11	0.04	0.08	0.10	0.07	0.27*	––
15. Friends support	0.08	0.00	−0.01	−0.01	0.08	0.24*	0.01	0.15	0.20***	0.30**	0.14	0.07	−0.9	0.28*	––
Mental health
16. GDS	0.11	0.08	−0.01	0.00	−0.04	0.02	0.20*	−0.36**	−0.37**	−0.38**	−0.05	−0.08	−0.15	−0.30*	−0.31*
17. Life satisfaction	−0.01	−0.07	−0.13	0.15	−0.08	0.05	−0.11	0.26**	0.27**	0.18***	0.09	0.02	0.25*	0.20***	0.15	0.51*	––

Residence priv private, inst = institution. PADL = Personal Activities of Daily Living; IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination, shortened, max. 21); GlobDetScale = Global Deterioration Scale; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; ^aReverse coded for ease of interpretation; Higher values indicate better functioning (except Number of Illness and GDS)

*p < 0.01 (2-tailed); **p < 0.05 (2-tailed); ***p < 0.10 (2-tailed)