Table 2.
Association Between Sex, Ischemic Etiology, and HFrEF versus HFpEF on Time to First Readmission
| Men vs Women |
Ischemic vs Nonischemic |
HFrEF vs HFpEF |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted Analysis | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value |
| Hospitalizations | ||||||
| Cardiovascular | 1.07 (1.02–1.13) | 0.008 | 1.39 (1.33–1.46) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | 0.011 |
| HF | 1.08 (1.01–1.15) | 0.016 | 1.33 (1.24–1.42) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.08–1.34) | 0.001 |
| CHD | 1.12 (1.03–1.23) | 0.008 | 2.34 (2.13–2.58) | <0.001 | 1.47 (1.28–1.68) | <0.001 |
| Other cardiac disease | 1.13 (1.05–1.21) | <0.001 | 1.29 (1.20–1.39) | <0.001 | 1.12 (0.99–1.27) | 0.078 |
| Noncardiovascular | 0.98 (0.93–1.02) | 0.322 | 1.07 (1.02–1.13) | 0.004 | 0.98 (0.91–1.05) | 0.488 |
| Death | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | 0.117 | 1.12 (1.07–1.17) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.07–1.23) | <0.001 |
| Adjusted Analysis | HR*† (95% CI) | P Value | HR*‡ (95% CI) | P Value | HR*§ (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospitalizations | ||||||
| Cardiovascular | 1.00 (0.94–1.06) | 0.979 | 1.36 (1.29–1.43) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.00–1.20) | 0.057 |
| HF | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | 0.627 | 1.29 (1.20–1.39) | <0.001 | 1.16 (1.04–1.30) | 0.008 |
| CHD | 1.03 (0.94–1.14) | 0.520 | 2.30 (2.07–2.57) | <0.001 | 1.47 (1.26–1.72) | <0.001 |
| Other cardiac disease | 1.04 (0.96–1.12) | 0.355 | 1.25 (1.16–1.35) | <0.001 | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) | 0.368 |
| Noncardiovascular | 0.98 (0.92–1.03) | 0.387 | 1.01 (0.96–1.07) | 0.667 | 0.97 (0.89–1.05) | 0.420 |
| Death | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) | 0.021 | 1.07 (1.02–1.13) | 0.006 | 1.17 (1.08–1.26) | <0.001 |
HFrEF indicates heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HR, hazards ratio; HF, heart failure; CHD, coronary heart disease; EFFECT, Enhanced Feedback For Effective Cardiac Treatment study.
EFFECT-HF risk score covariates: age, serum sodium level, hemoglobin level, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hepatic cirrhosis, dementia, cancer, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and blood urea nitrogen.
HRs for men vs women (referent) adjusted for ischemic vs nonischemic, HFrEF vs HFpEF, hospital-level clustering, and EFFECT-HF risk score covariates.
HRs for ischemic vs nonischemic HF (referent) adjusted for HFrEF vs HFpEF, men vs women, hospital-level clustering, and EFFECT-HF risk score covariates.
HRs for HFrEF vs HFpEF (referent) adjusted for ischemic vs nonischemic, men vs women, hospital-level clustering, and EFFECT-HF risk score covariates.