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. 2016 Jan 5;3:150075. doi: 10.1038/sdata.2015.75

Table 2. Top 10 Biographies for each Time Period by Number of Language Editions (L) and Historical Popularity Index (HPI).

Time Period Top 10 By L
Top 10 by HPI
  Name L Name HPI
Before 500 Jesus Christ 214 Aristotle 31.99
Confucius 192 Plato 31.99
Aristotle 152 Jesus Christ 31.90
Qin Shi Huang 144 Socrates 31.65
Plato 142 Alexander the Great 31.58
Homer 141 Confucius 31.37
Alexander the Great 138 Julius Caesar 31.12
Socrates 137 Homer 31.11
Archimedes 129 Pythagoras 31.07
Julius Caesar 128 Archimedes 30.99
500–1199 Muhammad 150 Muhammad 30.65
Genghis Khan 121 Charlemagne 30.48
Charlemagne 116 Genghis Khan 29.74
Saladin 104 Saladin 29.14
Avicenna 102 Avicenna 28.89
Li Bai 102 Ali 28.09
Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi 100 Li Bai 28.07
Du Fu 97 Francis of Assisi 28.00
Umar 92 Du Fu 27.91
Omar Khayyám 86 Averroes 27.83
1200–1499 Leonardo da Vinci 174 Leonardo da Vinci 31.46
Michelangelo 158 Michelangelo 30.44
Christopher Columbus 153 Christopher Columbus 30.18
Dante Alighieri 137 Dante Alighieri 30.15
Nicolaus Copernicus 128 Martin Luther 30.03
Marco Polo 127 Marco Polo 29.77
Martin Luther 125 Jeanne d'Arc 29.56
Ferdinand Magellan 120 Thomas Aquinas 29.44
Vasco da Gama 119 Niccolò Machiavelli 29.27
Albrecht Dürer 112 Raphael 29.21
1500–1749 Isaac Newton 191 William Shakespeare 30.44
William Shakespeare 163 Isaac Newton 30.29
Galileo Galilei 146 Johann Sebastian Bach 30.17
Johann Sebastian Bach 144 Galileo Galilei 29.96
George Washington 134 Immanuel Kant 29.69
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 132 René Descartes 29.45
Miguel de Cervantes 128 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 29.34
Immanuel Kant 125 Voltaire 29.27
Rembrandt 125 Blaise Pascal 29.25
Carl Linnaeus 123 Jean-Jacques Rousseau 29.16
1750–1849 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 177 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 30.51
Ludwig van Beethoven 153 Napoleon Bonaparte 30.33
Karl Marx 148 Ludwig van Beethoven 30.11
Charles Darwin 148 Karl Marx 29.84
Napoleon Bonaparte 145 Charles Darwin 29.20
Abraham Lincoln 131 Friedrich Nietzsche 28.67
Thomas Edison 126 Victor Hugo 28.66
Victor Hugo 123 Richard Wagner 28.57
Leo Tolstoy 123 Claude Monet 28.50
Friedrich Nietzsche 117 Frédéric Chopin 28.47
1850–1899 Adolf Hitler 169 Adolf Hitler 30.58
Huang Xian Fan 167 Albert Einstein 30.21
Albert Einstein 166 Vincent van Gogh 29.74
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 166 Sigmund Freud 29.63
Vincent van Gogh 155 Pablo Picasso 29.60
Charlie Chaplin 145 Mahatma Gandhi 29.14
Pablo Picasso 143 Joseph Stalin 28.93
Mahatma Gandhi 138 Vladimir Lenin 28.92
Vladimir Lenin 137 Benito Mussolini 28.55
Joseph Stalin 134 Oscar Wilde 28.53
1900–1950 Hebe Camargo 157 Che Guevara 29.16
Marilyn Monroe 143 Martin Luther King, Jr 28.69
George Bush 143 Elvis Presley 28.62
Lech Wałęsa 135 Salvador Dalí 28.59
Nelson Mandela 133 Marilyn Monroe 28.35
Che Guevara 129 Walt Disney 28.17
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom 127 Jean-Paul Sartre 28.15
Pope Benedict XVI 123 Jimi Hendrix 27.93
Salvador Dalí 122 Andy Warhol 27.92
Neil Armstrong 121 Mother Teresa 27.86