TABLE 3.
Associations between average serum antioxidant concentrations per cycle and risk of anovulation among healthy premenopausal women in the BioCycle Study1
| Cycle-average antioxidant concentrations |
Average antioxidant concentrations before expected ovulation |
|||
| Model 12 | Model 23 | Model 12 | Model 23 | |
| Retinol, μg/dL | 1.29 (0.77, 2.16) | 1.17 (0.68, 2.02) | 1.34 (0.82, 2.18) | 1.25 (0.75, 2.08) |
| Ascorbic acid, μmol/L | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) |
| α-Tocopherol, μg/dL | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) |
| γ-Tocopherol, μg/dL | 1.06 (1.00, 1.12)* | 1.05 (0.99, 1.12) | 1.06 (1.00, 1.12)* | 1.05 (0.99, 1.12) |
| Ratio of α- to γ-tocopherol | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)* | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06)* | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)* | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06)* |
| Ratio of α-tocopherol to ascorbic acid | 1.12 (0.96, 1.30) | 1.10 (0.94, 1.28) | 1.10 (0.94, 1.29) | 1.08 (0.93, 1.26) |
| Lutein, μg/dL | 1.42 (0.64, 3.16) | 1.44 (0.56, 3.67) | 1.38 (0.62, 3.04) | 1.32 (0.49, 3.51) |
| Lycopene, μg/dL | 1.10 (0.89, 1.36) | 1.13 (0.88, 1.44) | 1.15 (0.94, 1.40) | 1.18 (0.93, 1.50) |
| β-Carotene, μg/dL | 0.86 (0.50, 1.49) | 0.78 (0.37, 1.65) | 0.88 (0.50, 1.52) | 0.80 (0.37, 1.74) |
1
Values are RRs (95% CIs). *P < 0.05.
2
Adjusted for age, race, BMI, serum cholesterol, and total energy intake.
3
Adjusted for age, race, BMI, serum cholesterol, F2-isoprostanes, total energy intake, and the other antioxidants.