Table 3. Number of care utilization and expenditures by Medicaid expansion status among low income population aged 18–64 years, MEPS 2010–2012.
| Utilization and Expenditures | Crude mean ± Std | Adjusted Difference a | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Expansion | Non-expansion | ||
| Annual care utilization by service type (Number) | |||
| Office-based visit | 4.99 ± 0.23 | 3.92 ± 0.17 | 1.16 (0.56–1.76) |
| Outpatient visit | 0.44 ± 0.04 | 0.28 ± 0.03 | 0.19 (0.09–0.28) |
| Emergency room visit | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 0.02 (-0.02–0.06) |
| Inpatient night stay | 0.74 ± 0.07 | 0.53 ± 0.05 | 0.09 (0.05–0.41) |
| Dental visit | 0.48 ± 0.02 | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 0.08 (0.01–0.14) |
| Prescription | 13.06 ± 0.50 | 11.99 ± 0.74 | 1.52 (0.05–2.98) |
| Annual medical expenditures ($) | |||
| Total | 4592.19 ± 309.66 | 3420.54 ± 187.23 | 1410.29 (781.63–2038.95) |
| By service type | |||
| Office-based | 900.46 ± 49.04 | 634.10 ± 31.19 | 300.27 (164.95–435.58) |
| Outpatient | 274.36 ± 30.44 | 244.41 ± 27.45 | 48.41 (-14.70–111.52) |
| Emergency room | 233.52 ± 21.14 | 213.90 ± 14.16 | 21.50 (-20.42–63.41) |
| Inpatient | 1475.19 ± 115.36 | 1095.53 ± 92.24 | 138.88 (110.04–657.66) |
| Dental care | 135.80 ± 10.01 | 98.65 ± 9.10 | 40.99 (14.00–67.98) |
| Prescription | 1307.46 ± 255.45 | 969.88 ± 82.96 | 402.60 (47.81–757.39) |
| By source of payment | |||
| Out of pocket | 376.46 ± 21.48 | 457.98 ± 33.06 | -97.17 (-158.75–-35.60) |
| Private insurance + Tricare | 747.90 ± 87.83 | 661.26 ± 78.16 | 190.82 (-39.70–421.35) |
| Government b | 2960.91 ± 258.62 | 1847.77 ± 152.19 | 1315.76 (848.00–1783.52) |
| Other sources b | 506.93 ± 55.94 | 453.56 ± 34.59 | -63.43 (-177.26–50.40) |
Std = standard deviation.
a Two-part models were adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, metropolitan statistical areas residence, and number of chronic conditions; difference was for expansion minus non-expansion group; boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
b Government included Medicare, Medicaid, Veteran's Administration/CHAMPVA, and Workers' Compensation; Other sources include other federal, state, local, and unclassified sources.