Table 4.

Intervention characteristics of good-evidence interventions (n = 10): 1996–2011

Source	Intervention name	Type of setting	Unit of delivery	Deliverer	No. of sessions and duration	Session duration	Intervention effects
Altice et al. [40]	DAARTa for drug users	Mobile community health care van	Individual	DAART specialist, who is an outreach worker trained to supervise DAART	Every week day over 6 months	NR	Reduced viral load
Johnson et al. [41]	Healthy Living Project	Private community based organizations and clinics	Individuaul	Ethnically diverse, gender-matched facilitators	Fifteen sessions grouped into three modules of five sessions each	90 min each	Achieved medication adherence (self-report) Decrease in HIV risk behaviors
Kalichman et al. [42]	Integrated HIV risk reduction and adherence intervention	Community-based AIDS service provider	Individual and group	Trained male-female facilitator pairs	Seven sessions over 5 weeks	One 45-min session, five 2-h sessions, and one 1-h session	Achieved medication adherence (unannounced pill counts and pharmacy prescription records) Decrease in HIV risk behaviors
Koenig et al. [43]	Project HEARTb	Public HIV primary care outpatient clinic	Individual and group	A nurse interventionist, group discussion facilitator, and access to a peer advocate	Five sessions, with 5 support phone calls between sessions and a booster session at 6 months	Two 2–3 h sessions; three 1.5 h sessions, 1.5 h booster	Achieved medication adherence (MEMs caps)
Lucas et al. [44]	DAARTa in a methadone clinic	Methadone clinic	Individual	Nurse or medical assistant	Every morning of methadone clinic visit, over at least one year	NR	Reduced viral load Achieved undetectable viral load
Milam et al. [45]	Partnership for Health	HIV primary care outpatient clinics	Individual	Primary care provider (e.g., physician, physician assistant, nurse practitioner)	A session at each clinic visit over 10 to 11 months	3- to 5-min	Maintained medication adherence (self-report) Achieved undetectable viral load
Remien et al. [46]	SMARTc couples	Public & private outpatient clinics	Group	Nurse practitioner	Four sessions over 5 weeks	45–60 min	Increased medication adherence (MEMS caps)
Simoni et al.e [47]	Pager messaging	Anywhere patient has pager access	Individual	2-way pager	Daily customized pager messages over 3 months	NA	Reduced viral load
Simoni et al.e [47]	Peer support	Public HIV primary care outpatient clinic	Individual and group	Peer and research staff	Six twice-monthly group meetings and weekly phone calls over 3 months	1-h group meeting	Increased medication adherence (self-report)
Williams et al. [48]	ATHENAd	Residence and community settings	Individual	Nurse and community/peer worker pair	Twenty-four home visits on a schedule of declining frequency over 12 months (weekly for 3 months, biweekly for 3 months, and monthly for 6 months)	NR	Increased medication adherence (MEMS caps)

Additional information about the efficacy review and the interventions identified can be found at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/dhap/prb/prs/index.html

NR not reported, NA not applicable

^aDirectly Administered Antiretroviral Therapy (DAART)

^bHelping Enhance Adherence to antiretroviral Therapy (Project HEART)

^cSharing Medical Adherence Responsibilities Together (SMART Couples)

^dAdherence through Home Education and Nursing Assessment (ATHENA)

^eOne Study; two interventions