Table 2.
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for tillering, red/far-red ratio (R:FR) and yield components in the ‘Forno’ × ‘Oberkulmer’ mapping population
| Trait/chromosome | Year* | Position (cM) | LOD | R2† | Additive effect‡ | Closest marker |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tillering | ||||||
| Total shoots per plant | ||||||
| 5A | 2012 | 229·5 | 3·68 | 21·5 | −0·7 | Xpsr1201a-5A |
| Fertile shoots per plant | ||||||
| 1A | 2012 | 88·9 | 3·28 | 19·4 | 0·2 | Xpsr1201b-1A |
| 4A | 2012 | 30·2 | 3·13 | 18·6 | 0·2 | Xpsr59a-4A |
| 2012 | 219·2 | 3·56 | 20·9 | −0·2 | Xpsr115-4A | |
| 5A | 2013 | 209·9 | 5·85 | 21·7 | −0·8 | Xpsr918b-5A |
| 5B | 2014C | 0·1 | 3·42 | 13·3 | −0·4 | Xpsr945b-5B |
| 7B | 2012 | 188·5 | 3·45 | 20·3 | −0·2 | Xmwg710a-7B |
| Shoot survival (%) | ||||||
| 3A | 2013 | 124·5 | 3·28 | 12·8 | 5·1 | Xglk652a-3AL |
| 4A | 2012 | 8·0 | 3·33 | 19·7 | 5·2 | Xgwm397-4A |
| 5A | 2012 | 230·8 | 2·99 | 17·9 | 4·6 | Xpsr1201a-5A |
| 2013 | 32·1 | 5·29 | 19·9 | 6·3 | Xpsr644a-5A | |
| 2013 | 209·9 | 6·12 | 22·6 | −6·4 | Xpsr918b-5A | |
| Infertile shoots per plant | ||||||
| 5A | 2012 | 231·8 | 3·62 | 21·2 | −0·6 | Xpsr1201a-5A |
| 2013 | 37·1 | 5·49 | 20·5 | −0·5 | Xpsr945a-5A | |
| Shoot abortion (%) | ||||||
| 3A | 2013 | 124·5 | 3·28 | 12·8 | −5·1 | Xglk652a-3AL |
| 4A | 2012 | 8·0 | 3·33 | 19·7 | −5·2 | Xgwm397-4A |
| 5A | 2012 | 230·8 | 2·99 | 17·9 | −4·6 | Xpsr1201a-5A |
| 2013 | 32·1 | 5·29 | 19·9 | −6·3 | Xpsr644a-5A | |
| 2013 | 209·9 | 6·12 | 22·6 | 6·4 | Xpsr918b-5A | |
| Tillering rate (tillers °Cd−1) | ||||||
| 5A | 2012 | 228·5 | 3·28 | 19·4 | −0·0016 | Xpsr1201a-5A |
| Initial shoots per plant | ||||||
| 2D | 2012 | 55·9 | 3·53 | 7·8 | 0·3 | Xpsr335-2D |
| 3A | 2012 | 119·5 | 4·78 | 10·4 | −0·2 | Xglk577-3AL |
| 3B | 2012 | 38·9 | 3·51 | 7·8 | 0·1 | Xglk538-3BS |
| 4A | 2012 | 213·2 | 4·24 | 9·3 | −0·2 | Xpsr115-4A |
| 4B | 2012 | 91·8 | 3·54 | 7·8 | 0·1 | Xpsr584-4B |
| 5A | 2012 | 35·1 | 5·88 | 12·7 | −0·2 | Xpsr945a-5A |
| 2012 | 205·9 | 4·59 | 10·0 | 0·2 | Xpsr1194-5A | |
| 7AL | 2012 | 27·9 | 3·18 | 7·1 | −0·1 | pwir232a-7AL |
| 7B | 2012 | 91·7 | 2·84 | 6·3 | 0·1 | Xpsr350-7B |
| Time at tillering onset (°Cd) | ||||||
| 7B | 2013 | 75·6 | 3·24 | 12·7 | −12 | Xglk478-7BL |
| Time at tillering cessation (°Cd) | ||||||
| 3A | 2013 | 89·4 | 3·29 | 12·9 | 14 | Xglk645-3AL |
| 4B | 2012 | 8·0 | 3·10 | 18·4 | 72 | Xglk348a-4BS |
| 5A | 2013 | 30·1 | 3·35 | 13·1 | 15 | Xpsr644a-5A |
| 2013 | 210·9 | 3·67 | 14·2 | −15 | Xpsr918b-5A | |
| R:FR | ||||||
| R:FR at tillering onset | ||||||
| 5A | 2013 | 211·9 | 3·37 | 13·2 | −0·02 | Xpsr918b-5A |
| R:FR at GS31 (onset of stem elongation) | ||||||
| 5A | 2013 | 31·1 | 3·59 | 13·9 | 0·02 | Xpsr644a-5A |
| Stabilized R:FR | ||||||
| 4A | 2012 | 9·3 | 3·13 | 18·6 | 0·01 | Xgwm397-4A |
| 5A | 2012 | 225·5 | 4·46 | 25·5 | 0·02 | Xpsr1201a-5A |
| Time at the end of R:FR reduction (°Cd) | ||||||
| 2A | 2012 | 125·7 | 2·59 | 15·7 | 91 | Xglk699b-2AL |
| 5A | 2013 | 35·1 | 3·45 | 13·5 | 15 | Xpsr945a-5A |
| 2013 | 208·9 | 4·73 | 17·9 | −16 | Xpsr918b-5A | |
| Yield components | ||||||
| Yield per plant (g) | ||||||
| 3A | 2013 | 124·5 | 3·26 | 12·8 | 1·37 | Xglk652a-3AL |
| 5A | 2013 | 211·9 | 6·94 | 25·2 | −1·76 | Xpsr918b-5A |
| 5B | 2014C | 1·0 | 3·15 | 12·3 | −0·80 | Xpsr945b-5B |
| Yield per shoot (g) | ||||||
| 2D | 2014T | 40·9 | 3·60 | 14·0 | −0·22 | Xpsr933b-2D |
| 4DL | 2012 | 37·2 | 3·15 | 18·7 | −0·15 | Xgwm194-4DL |
| 5A | 2013 | 63·3 | 3·38 | 13·2 | 0·10 | Xglk424-5A |
| 5B | 2012 | 136·4 | 3·30 | 19·5 | −0·07 | Xpsr370-5B |
| Grains per plant | ||||||
| 3A | 2013 | 125·5 | 3·08 | 12·1 | 32 | Xglk652a-3AL |
| 4A | 2014T | 21·7 | 4·21 | 16·1 | 13 | Xpsr59a-4A |
| 5A | 2013 | 209·9 | 7·74 | 27·7 | −46 | Xpsr918b-5A |
| 5DL | 2013 | 31·0 | 3·68 | 14·3 | 60 | Xpsr906a-5DL |
| 7B | 2014T | 156·1 | 4·24 | 16·3 | −12 | Xpsr547-7B |
| Grains per shoot | ||||||
| 2A | 2014T | 7·0 | 3·08 | 12·1 | 2 | Xpsr566c-2A |
| 2D | 2013 | 45·9 | 4·69 | 17·8 | −6 | Xpsr933b-2D |
| 2014T | 44·9 | 4·23 | 16·2 | −5 | Xpsr933b-2D | |
| 3B | 2013 | 8·1 | 3·72 | 14·4 | −3 | Lrk10c-3BS |
| 4A | 2012 | 38·1 | 3·49 | 20·5 | 2 | Xpsr914-4A |
| 2013 | 152·3 | 3·61 | 14·0 | 6 | Xglk354-4A | |
| 2014T | 10·3 | 2·93 | 11·5 | 2 | Xgwm397-4A | |
| 5A | 2013 | 64·4 | 4·53 | 17·3 | 3 | Xglk424–5A |
| 2013 | 213·5 | 5·10 | 19·2 | −3 | Xpsr918b-5A | |
| 7B | 2012 | 138·8 | 3·15 | 18·7 | −3 | Xpsr129c-7B |
| 2013 | 128·8 | 3·09 | 12·1 | −3 | Xpsr593c-7B | |
| 2014T | 165·4 | 3·85 | 14·9 | −2 | Xgwm111a-7B | |
| Thousand grain weight (g) | ||||||
| 1A | 2012 | 80·1 | 3·57 | 20·9 | −2·55 | Xpsr1327b-1A |
| 2A | 2012 | 94·9 | 3·47 | 20·4 | −2·50 | Xpsr919b-2A |
| 2013 | 133·7 | 3·54 | 13·8 | −2·00 | Xglk699b-2AL | |
| 2014C | 133·7 | 2·98 | 11·7 | −2·01 | Xglk699b-2AL | |
| 2014T | 143·4 | 3·52 | 13·7 | −1·60 | PL_AP-2A | |
| 3B | 2012 | 80·5 | 4·73 | 26·8 | 2·97 | Xpsr1054-3B |
| 2013 | 2·9 | 3·44 | 13·4 | 1·60 | C970a-3B | |
| 2013 | 80·5 | 5·11 | 19·3 | 1·91 | Xpsr1054-3B | |
| 2014C | 100·5 | 3·39 | 13·2 | 2·90 | Xpsr1054-3B | |
| 2014T | 78·3 | 3·02 | 11·9 | 1·62 | Xpsr1054-3B | |
| 4A | 2012 | 20·7 | 7·17 | 37·6 | −3·95 | Xglk315-4AS |
| 2013 | 31·2 | 4·76 | 18·1 | −2·09 | Xpsr59a-4A | |
| 2014C | 32·2 | 4·10 | 15·8 | −2·13 | Xpsr59a-4A | |
| 2014T | 34·2 | 7·93 | 28·2 | −2·61 | Xpsr914-4A | |
| 5DL | 2013 | 45·0 | 3·88 | 15·0 | −3·17 | Xpsr580a-5DL |
| 2014C | 58·0 | 5·54 | 20·7 | −3·05 | Xpsr580a-5DL | |
| 2014T | 32·0 | 4·17 | 16·0 | −3·62 | Xpsr906a-5DL | |
| 7B | 2012 | 187·5 | 5·97 | 32·5 | 4·64 | Xglk750-7BL |
| 2013 | 187·5 | 3·24 | 12·7 | 2·24 | Xglk750-7BL | |
| 2014T | 189·5 | 3·15 | 12·4 | 2·27 | Xmwg710a-7B | |
| Carpel dry weight at anthesis (mg) | ||||||
| 3B | 2013 | 0·1 | 4·37 | 16·7 | 0·03 | Xglk683-3BS |
| 4A | 2012 | 27·2 | 3·46 | 20·4 | −0·06 | Xpsr59a-4A |
| 5A | 2012 | 56·3 | 3·78 | 22·0 | 0·07 | Xglk424-5A |
| 5DL | 2013 | 67·8 | 4·29 | 16·4 | −0·03 | Xpsr580a-5DL |
| Stem water soluble carbohydrate dry weight at anthesis (g) | ||||||
| 3DL | 2012 | 23·0 | 3·49 | 20·5 | 0·069 | Xpsr1203b-3DL |
| 4A | 2012 | 27·2 | 4·88 | 27·5 | −0·069 | Xpsr59a-4A |
| 7B | 2012 | 192·5 | 3·51 | 20·6 | 0·080 | Xmwg710a-7B |
* 2012 and 2013: field experiments; 2014: glasshouse experiment (C, control; T, shading treatment).
† The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL.
‡ Positive additive effects indicate that the alleles from ‘Forno’ increase the values of the traits, whereas negative additive effects indicate that the alleles from ‘Oberkulmer’ increase the values of the traits.