Fig 1. Experimental paradigms.

A. In the stimulus-driven attention paradigm, the visual and auditory trials started with the cue stimulus (a light spot or a modulated noise delivered from a loudspeaker) that moved in front of the cage for 10–20 s. The spot was switched off in front of one of the doors or the noise stopped along the side wall. The transparent screen was lifted 2 s later, and the cat was allowed to open the indicated door for a food reward. Visual and auditory trials (n = 12–20 for each) were randomly intermingled. The cage was fully closed during the experiment by a removable cover (not shown). With the exception of the two semi-translucent doors on the front, the rest of the cage was opaque (the cat’s entire body was drawn only for graphical demonstration). B. During the anticipatory paradigm, the cue was either a short (1 s) diffuse flash on both doors or a white noise delivered from the front loudspeaker. The animal then anticipated the target for 8–14 s with no stimulation present, after which a small spot of light or white noise from the side loudspeaker was delivered. C. The upper trace shows a typical LFP recording in which the beta activity can be traced by eye; the filtered beta band of this record is shown beneath the LFP signal. See the Methods section for details.