Table 2.
Mineral composition of propolis samples of different geographic origin (mg/kg).
| Constituent | South Spain [25] (N = 25) |
Argentina [5] (N = 10) |
Argentina [10] (N = 96) |
China [11] (N = 32) |
Brazil [26] (N = 42) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al | 308–582 | – | – | 426–1959 | Nd–1840 |
| Ca | 1773–6683 | 39–4138 | – | 404–2637 | Nd–4800 |
| Fe | 312–1270 | 101–1697 | 400–1945 | 310–2125 | – |
| K | 735–4790 | 101–1697 | – | 314v1894 | 410–5490 |
| Mg | 301–1405 | 1115–1031 | – | 135–1129 | 500–4650 |
| P | 171–611 | – | – | – | – |
| Cr | 0.3–3 | Nd | 0.6–3.7 | Nd–12 | Nd–19 |
| Cu | 2.1–4 | Nd | – | Nd–15 | Nd |
| Ni | 0.6–3 | Nd | – | Nd–3 | – |
| Pb | 0.07–4 | – | – | 4–55 | Nd–160 |
| Zn | 163–1236 | 33-147 | 11–105 | 35–386 | Nd–500 |
| Constituent |
Poland [37,38] (N = 20) |
Croatia [39] |
Poland [12] (N = 80) |
Turkey [40] | |
| Al | – | – | – | – | |
| Ca | – | 40–317 | – | 79–118 | |
| Fe | 28–101 | 14–251 | 101 | – | |
| K | – | 51–117 | 8.2 | 121–364 | |
| Mg | 137–823 | 10–46 | – | – | |
| P | – | – | – | – | |
| Cr | – | 0–1 | – | – | |
| Cu | – | 0.3–6 | – | 45–96 | |
| Ni | 2–10 | 0–0.3 | 9.8 | – | |
| Pb | 0.9–3 | 0.3–64 | 2.7 | – | |
| Zn | 18–71 | 8–933 | 71.5 | 176–676 |