Fig 1. Mean scores (with 95% confidence intervals) estimated for DS individuals (DS) and euploid controls (C) in each olfactory subtest (threshold, discrimination, identification), and the global test (TDI) according to age class (young adult [<30y], left panel; older adult [≥30y], right panel).

Olfactory performance (adjusted by sex) was significantly lower in DS than controls for any tasks and TDI in both age classes (P<0.001 for all, black bars). Identification score was significantly higher in young adults than older adults both for controls (P = 0.016) and DS (P = 0.031, red bars).