Table 4. Effectiveness of matching patients to their preference.

Research objective	Sig. effect of treatment matched to patients’ preference	No sign. effect
Substance use outcomes**	n = 3[44,45,39]	n = 6[42,43,46,47,50,51]*
Mental health outcomes***	/	n = 2[51,52]
Social-related outcomes****	/	n = 2[47,50]*
Process-related*****	n = 1[47]	n = 5[42,48,49,50,52]

* Due to insufficient information, for [43] and [47], results could not be definitely assigned.

** Substance use outcomes: reduction of consumption, severity of dependence, or abstinence.

*** Mental health outcomes: psychiatric composite (ASI), or health status.

**** Social-related outcomes: family problems, housing problems, or legal assistance.

***** Process-related outcomes: adherence, retention, or satisfaction.

^[42]Adamson et al. (2005), ^[43]Bernstein et al. (1999), ^[44]Brown et al. (2002), ^[45]Friedmann et al. (1999), ^[46]Gossop et al. (1986), ^[47]Hser et al. (1999), ^[48]Marlowe et al. (2003), ^[49]McCrady et al. (2011), ^[50]McKay et al. (1995), ^[51]McKay et al. (1998), ^[52]Sterling et al. (1997).