Table 5. Effectiveness of SDM interventions.

Research objective	Sign. effect of intervention	No sign. effect
Substance use outcomes*	n = 4[2,27,54,57]	n = 4[2,27,56,57]
Mental health outcomes**	n = 1[2,55]	n = 2[55,57]
Social-related outcomes***	n = 1[54]	n = 1[2]
SDM-related outcomes****	n = 2[53,57]	n = 1[53]
Process-related*****	/	n = 2[56,57]
Quality of life	n = 1[2]	/

* Substance use outcomes: reduction of consumption, severity of dependence, or abstinence.

** Mental health outcomes: psychiatric composite (ASI), or health status.

*** Social-related outcomes: family problems, housing problems, or legal assistance.

**** SDM-related outcomes: knowledge of treatments, or decisional quality.

***** Process-related outcomes: adherence, retention, or satisfaction.

^[2]Joosten et al. (2009), ^[27]Neumann et al. (2006), ^[53]Joosten et al. (2008), ^[54]Joosten et al. (2010), ^[55]Joosten et al. (2011), ^[56]Magura et al. (1988), ^[57]Willemsen et al. (2006).