Table 1. The percentage of 12 experts participating in a modified Delphi survey that attributed the potential for impact (RS: reduced survival; DNI: decreased nutritional intake; D: displacement; RR: reduced reproduction) on coastal and interior black and brown bears in North America and European brown bears for each recreation if left unmitigated.
| Human recreational activity | Coastal bears | Interior bears | European bears | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RS | DNI | D | RR | RS | DNI | D | RR | RS | DNI | D | RR | |
| Angling | 25 | 100 | 100 | 25 | 13 | 50 | 50 | 13 | 0 | 25 | 50 | 0 |
| Regulated bear-viewing | 25 | 75 | 75 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Unregulated bear-viewing | 25 | 100 | 100 | 25 | 13 | 38 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 75 | 0 |
| Bear hunting | 100 | 50 | 75 | 50 | 63 | 25 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 25 | 25 | 0 |
| Other hunting | 75 | 50 | 100 | 25 | 63 | 25 | 50 | 38 | 100 | 50 | 75 | 0 |
| Hiking | 25 | 25 | 100 | 25 | 13 | 38 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 100 | 0 |
| Off-trail hiking | 25 | 25 | 100 | 25 | 13 | 13 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 100 | 0 |
| Camping | 25 | 50 | 75 | 25 | 50 | 25 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 |
| Photography | 25 | 75 | 75 | 25 | 13 | 25 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 |
| Helicopters | 25 | 25 | 50 | 25 | 0 | 13 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Snow machining | 25 | 25 | 50 | 25 | 25 | 13 | 38 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 25 |
| Fixed-winged aircraft | 25 | 50 | 50 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| ATV use | 25 | 25 | 50 | 25 | 13 | 13 | 38 | 13 | 50 | 25 | 75 | 0 |