Table 1. Descriptive and comparative data for clinical and social/employment-related variables in a sample of 7112 patients according to whether or not they presented long-term sickness absence.
| SA > 60 days | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | No | Yes | Chi-sq. | p-value | OR | 95% CI | |||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 42.8 | 1751 | (57.5) | 1294 | (42.5) | 0.48 | 0.4887 | 1.020 | (0.965–1.077) |
| Female | 57.2 | 2372 | (58.3) | 1695 | (41.7) | ||||
| Age | |||||||||
| ≤30 | 19.7 | 929 | (66.2) | 475 | (33.8) | 134.6 | <0.001 | ||
| 30–40 | 33.2 | 1424 | (60.4) | 935 | (39.6) | ||||
| 40–50 | 26.1 | 1085 | (58.5) | 769 | (41.5) | ||||
| >50 | 21.0 | 684 | (45.8) | 808 | (54.2) | ||||
| Year | |||||||||
| 2008 | 18.0 | 734 | (57.3) | 547 | (42.7) | 48.81 | <0.0001 | ||
| 2009 | 36.5 | 1436 | (55.4) | 1157 | (44.6) | ||||
| 2010 | 29.3 | 1179 | (56.5) | 906 | (43.5) | ||||
| 2011 | 16.2 | 774 | (67.1) | 379 | (32.9) | ||||
| Quarter in which SA began | |||||||||
| Jan-March | 27.6 | 1143 | (58.2) | 821 | (41.8) | 9.38 | 0.025 | ||
| April-June | 24.3 | 1051 | (60.8) | 677 | (39.2) | ||||
| July-September | 22.4 | 903 | (56.7) | 689 | (43.3) | ||||
| Oct-December | 25.7 | 1026 | (56.1) | 802 | (43.9) | ||||
| Half of month in which SA began | |||||||||
| First | 50.9 | 2098 | (58) | 1522 | (42) | 0.001 | 0.9769 | 1.001 | (0.948–1.057) |
| Second | 49.1 | 2025 | (58) | 1467 | (42) | ||||
| Type of social security contributions | |||||||||
| General scheme | 85.0 | 3857 | (63.8) | 2187 | (36.2) | 563.9 | <0.0001 | 0.482 | (0.459–0.506) |
| Self-employed | 15.0 | 266 | (24.9) | 802 | (75.1) | ||||
| Type of contract: duration1 | |||||||||
| Permanent | 77.5 | 2934 | (65.2) | 1566 | (34.8) | 14.91 | 0.0001 | 0.857 | (0.793–0.925) |
| Fixed-term | 22.5 | 776 | (59.4) | 531 | (40.6) | ||||
| Type of contract: hours1 | |||||||||
| Full-time | 76.6 | 2877 | (64.6) | 1574 | (35.4) | 8.68 | 0.013 | ||
| Part-time | 15.9 | 583 | (63.2) | 339 | (36.8) | ||||
| Work and services | 7.5 | 250 | (57.6) | 184 | (42.4) | ||||
| Psychiatric diagnosis2 | |||||||||
| <Psychotic dis. | 1.2 | 31 | (36) | 55 | (64) | 332.4 | <0.0001 | ||
| Affective dis. | 15.8 | 417 | (37.1) | 706 | (62.9) | ||||
| Anxiety dis. | 69.8 | 3110 | (62.7) | 1853 | (37.3) | ||||
| Adaptive dis. | 6.6 | 293 | (62.7) | 174 | (37.3) | ||||
| Substance dependence | 1.2 | 32 | (38.1) | 52 | (61.9) | ||||
| Personality dis. | 1.1 | 20 | (26) | 57 | (74) | ||||
| Other | 4.4 | 220 | (70.5) | 92 | (29.5) | ||||
| Economic activity of employer3 | |||||||||
| Manufacturing industry | 24.0 | 1124 | (66) | 579 | (34) | 151.0 | <0.0001 | ||
| Energy and water supply | 1.4 | 67 | (67.7) | 32 | (32.3) | ||||
| Construction, real estate | 10.3 | 326 | (44.4) | 408 | (55.6) | ||||
| Wholesale or retail trade | 20.5 | 814 | (55.9) | 641 | (44.1) | ||||
| Transport and warehousing | 4.9 | 188 | (54.5) | 157 | (45.5) | ||||
| Hotel and catering | 8.0 | 299 | (52.4) | 272 | (47.6) | ||||
| Administrative and auxiliary services auxiliaries | 10.9 | 418 | (53.8) | 359 | (46.2) | ||||
| Financial and insurance | 0.7 | 22 | (42.3) | 30 | (57.7) | ||||
| Scientific, technical and education | 5.0 | 222 | (62) | 136 | (38) | ||||
| Public administration | 5.4 | 266 | (69.6) | 116 | (30.4) | ||||
| Health and social services | 4.7 | 200 | (60.2) | 132 | (39.8) | ||||
| Other (domestic staff) | 4.2 | 172 | (57.7) | 126 | (42.3) | ||||
| Relapse | |||||||||
| No | 91.6 | 3707 | (56.9) | 2806 | (43.1) | 35.3 | <0.0001 | 1.410 | (1.246–1.596) |
| Yes | 8.4 | 416 | (69.4) | 183 | (30.6) | ||||
| Reason for end of SA | |||||||||
| Administrative | 5.8 | 96 | (23.2) | 318 | (76.8) | 441.8 | <0.0001 | ||
| Improvement | 92.0 | 4024 | (61.5) | 2517 | (38.5) | ||||
| Permanent disability | 2.2 | 3 | (1.9) | 154 | (98.1) | ||||
SA: sickness absence
Values of SA = number of patients (percentage of patients within the group)
1Data correspond only to employees covered by the general social security scheme (85% of cases, n = 5807)
2According to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9)
3According to the National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE)
OR, odds ratio
CI, confidence interval