Table 1. Definitions of the variables.

Variables	Definitions
Severe dehydration	One of the following signs: lethargy, unconsciousness or apathy; or two of the following signs: sunken and dry eyes, absence of tears, dry or sticky mouth, inability to drink, abdominal skin pinch with very slow recoil
Hemodynamic shock	One shock criteria according to age following the references of the francophone group of pediatric resuscitation [11]
Nutritional statusa	Normal nutrition: MUAC ≥ 125mmb
	Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM): MUAC < 125mm and ≥ 115mmb
	Severe acute malnutrition (SAM): MUAC < 115 mmb
Weight for height Z-score (WHZ)	Calculated according to Myatt et al. [12]
Socio-economic level	Lowest income: no cell phone
	Middle income: cell phone but no car, refrigerator in working condition, or modern sanitation (flushing toilets inside the house)
	Highest income: car or refrigerator in working condition or modern sanitation (flushing toilets inside the house)
Seasons	Rainy season: from May to October
	Dry season: from November to April
Cohabiting parents	The child’s mother and father living in the same house
Improved water	Water from fountains or running water

^a The mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was chosen instead of the usual weight-for-height ratio for age because children with severe diarrhea can lose more than 10% of their body weight. In addition, the MUAC is less prone to errors, and thus a better indicator of mortality risk associated with malnutrition than weight-for-height [12].

^b According to WHO standards [13].