Table 3. Adjusted OR (aOR) and adjusted attributable fraction (aAF) for pathogens and risk of severe childhood diarrhea by age and globally.
| Cases n(%) | Controls n(%) | aORa (95% CI) | aAFa (95%CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infants | n = 195 | n = 195 | |||
| Rotavirus | 90 (46.1) | 8 (4.1) | 44.8 (10.6–189.5) | 45.0 (41.6–45.7) | |
| Astrovirus | 25 (12.8) | 8 (4.1) | |||
| Norovirus | 18 (9.2) | 9 (4.6) | 3.2 (1.1–9.8) | 6.3 (0.8–8.1) | |
| Adenovirus | 11 (5.6) | 9 (4.6) | |||
| Shigella spp/EIECb | 17 (8.7) | 14 (7.2) | |||
| Shigella spp c | 2 (1.0) | 1 (0.5) | |||
| Salmonella enterica | 1 (0.5) | 4 (2.1) | |||
| Campylobacter spp. | 3 (1.5) | 5 (2.6) | |||
| Diarrhoeagenic E. coli | 24 (12.3) | 17 (8.7) | |||
| Entomoeba histolytica | 0 (0)d | 1 (0.5)e | |||
| Giardia intestinalis | 0 (0) | 6 (3.1) | |||
| Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis | 32 (16.4) | 7 (3.6) | 4.6 (1.8–11.7) | 12.5 (7.1–14.6) | |
| Toddlers | n = 103 | n = 103 | |||
| Rotavirus | 43 (41.7) | 2 (1.9) | |||
| Astrovirus | 7 (6.8) | 7 (6.8) | |||
| Norovirus | 11 (10.7) | 5 (4.8) | 2.6 (0.8–8.5) | ||
| Adenovirus | 6 (5.8) | 6 (5.8) | |||
| Shigella spp/EIECb | 23 (22.3) | 14 (13.6) | |||
| Shigella spp c | 7 (6.8) | 1 (1.0) | |||
| Salmonella enterica | 8 (7.7) | 3 (2.9) | |||
| Campylobacter spp. | 2 (1.9) | 3 (2.9) | |||
| Diarrhoeagenic E. coli | 10 (9.7) | 13 (12.6) | |||
| Entomoeba histolytica | 1 (1.0)d | 3 (2.9)e | |||
| Giardia intestinalis | 2 (1.9) | 12 (11.6) | 0.16 (0.03–0.7) | 9.7 (3.5–11.3) | |
| Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis | 7 (6.8) | 2 (1.9) | 2.9 (0.6–14.8) | ||
| Children | n = 35 | n = 35 | |||
| Rotavirus | 1 (2.8) | 1 (2.8) | |||
| Astrovirus | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0) | |||
| Norovirus | 4 (11.4) | 0 (0) | |||
| Adenovirus | 2 (5.7) | 3 (8.6) | |||
| Shigella spp/EIECb | 10 (28.6) | 2 (5.7) | 4.1 (0.9–19.4) | ||
| Shigella spp c | 2 (5.7) | 2 (5.7) | |||
| Salmonella enterica | 4 (11.4) | 1 (2.9) | 2.3 (0.2–23.4) | ||
| Campylobacter spp. | 0 (0) | 1 (2.9) | |||
| Diarrhoeagenic E. coli | 3 (8.6) | 5 (14.3) | |||
| Entomoeba histolytica | 4 (11.4)d | 2 (5.7)e | |||
| Giardia intestinalis | 1 (2.8) | 8 (22.9) | 0.17 (0.02–1.4) | ||
| Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis | 3 (8.6) | 0 (0) | |||
| Total | n = 333 | n = 333 | |||
| Rotavirus | 134 (40.4) | 11 (3.3) | 51.8 (15.6–172.6) | 39.2 (37.4–39.8) | |
| Astrovirus | 33 (9.9) | 15 (4.5) | 3.4 (1.05–10.8) | 7.0 (0.5–8.9) | |
| Norovirus | 33 (9.9) | 13 (3.9) | 3.0 (1.3–7.2) | 6.6 (2.3–8.5) | |
| Adenovirus | 19 (5.7) | 18 (5.4) | |||
| Shigella spp/EIECb | 50 (15.0) | 30 (9.0) | 2.4 (1.3–4.5) | 8.7 (3.5–7.7) | |
| Shigella spp c | 11 (3.3) | 3 (0.9) | 3.4 (0.7–17.6) | ||
| Salmonella enterica | 13 (3.9) | 8 (2.4) | |||
| Campylobacter spp. | 5 (1.5) | 9 (2.7) | |||
| Diarrhoeagenic E. coli | 37 (11.1) | 35 (10.5) | |||
| Entomoeba histolytica | 5 (1.5)d | 6 (1.8)e | |||
| Giardia intestinalis | 3 (0.9) | 26 (7.8) | 0.2 (0.05–0.7) | 6.2 (2.3–7.4) | |
| Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis | 42 (12.6) | 9 (2.7) | 6.0 (2.4–14.6) | 10.5 (7.3–11.7) |
a Adjusted on the presence of others pathogens
b Determined by ipaH PCR
c Determined by culture
d Trophozoite
e Cystic form