Table 2: Predictors of maternal placental syndrome.

Covariate	OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)*
HIV-infection	1.02 (0.72-1.45)	0.85 (0.59-1.21)
Age, yr
18-34 (reference)	1.00	1.00
35-49	0.83 (0.82-0.85)	0.91 (0.89-0.93)
Pre-existing diabetes	2.05 (1.95-2.14)	1.47 (1.39-1.54)
Diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy	1.47 (1.42-1.51)	1.27 (1.23-1.31)
Pre-existing hypertension	5.15 (5.01-5.32)	4.28 (4.15-4.42)
Hyperlipidemia	1.27 (1.21-1.33)	1.03 (0.98-1.08)
Chronic kidney disease	3.78 (3.37-4.25)	1.83 (1.61-2.08)
Aggregated diagnosis groups
0-5 (reference)	1.00	1.00
6-10	1.60 (1.57-1.62)	1.41 (1.38 t0 1.43)
11 or more	2.65 (2.52-2.79)	1.93 (1.82-2.03)
Adequacy of prenatal care (R-GINDEX)
Adequate or intensive (reference)	1.00	1.00
Intermediate	0.58 (0.57-0.59)	0.65 (0.64-0.66)
Inadequate	0.60 (0.58-0.61)	0.70 (0.68-0.72)
Immigration status
Non-immigrant (reference)	1.00	1.00
Non-recent immigrant, Africa or Caribbean	1.00 (0.95-1.06)	0.90 (0.85-0.95)
Non-recent immigrant, other world regions	0.72 (0.69-0.74)	0.70 (0.68-0.72)
Recent immigrant, Africa or Caribbean	0.83 (0.77-0.89)	0.79 (0.73-0.85)
Recent immigrant, other world regions	0.63 (0.61-0.64)	0.64 (0.62-0.66)
Material deprivation income quintile
1 (least deprived; reference)	1.00	1.00
2	1.02 (1.00-1.05)	1.04 (1.01-1.06)
3	1.00 (0.97-1.02)	1.03 (1.00-1.05)
4	1.01 (0.99-1.04)	1.06 (1.03-1.09)
5 (most deprived)	1.00 (0.97-1.02)	1.06 (1.03-1.09)
Residential instability quintile
1 (least instability; reference)	1.00	1.00
2	1.09 (1.07-1.12)	1.09 (1.06-1.11)
3	1.11 (1.09-1.14)	1.09 (1.06-1.13)
4	1.07 (1.05-1.10)	1.07 (1.04-1.10)
5 (most instability)	1.03 (1.01-1.06)	1.04 (1.01-1.07)
Multiple birth	2.45 (2.34-2.55)	2.06 (1.97-2.15)
Parity	0.62 (0.61-0.63)	0.61 (0.60-0.62)

Note: CI = confidence interval, OR = odds ratio, R-GINDEX = revised-graduated prenatal care utilization index.