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. 2015 Nov 10;3(4):E396–E405. doi: 10.9778/cmajo.20140130

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Funnel plot, to assess whether there is evidence of publication bias among trials of operative versus nonoperative treatment of acute displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. The standard normal deviate of the SMD (natural logarithm of the SMD divided by its standard error [SE]) is plotted against the estimate's precision (inverse of the SE). SMD = standardized mean difference.