Table 3: Summary of secondary operation and complication rates, and functional outcome in trials comparing operative interventions.
| Study | Secondaryoperations | Risk ratio(95% CI) | Complications not requiring surgical intervention | Risk ratio (95% CI) | Functional outcome: constant score (1 yr) | Mean difference (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assobhi et al.37 | ||||||
| AI reconstruction plate (n = 19) | 1 nonunion1 wound infection and implant loosening | 0.67(0.13 to 3.55) | 1 nonunion | 1.00 (0.23 to 4.34) | 89.8 (11.3) | -5.60(-11.21 to 0.01) |
| RTEN (n = 19) | 3 prominent nails | NR | 95.5 (5.3) | |||
| Bi et al.38 | ||||||
| Retrograde percutaneous pin (n = 101) | NR | NA | NR | 0.11(0.01 to 2.02) | NR | NA |
| Kirshner pin (n = 100) | NR | 4 nonunions | NR | |||
| Ferran et al.39 | ||||||
| Rockwood pin (n = 17) | 1 implant loosening | 0.22(0.06 to 0.88) | NR | 0.22(0.06 to 0.88) | 92.1 (6)* | 3.4(-2.02 to 8.82) |
| LCDCP (n = 15) | 3 superficial infections1 persistent pain4 hardware irritation | NR | 88.7 (9.1)* | |||
| Jiang et al.40 | ||||||
| MIPPO (n = 32)LCP (n = 32) | NRNR | NA | NRNR | NA | 96†95.7† | 0.30(-4.70 to 5.30) |
| Shen et al.41 | ||||||
| 3D contoured cortical plate (n = 67) | 1 delayed union | 0.12(0.02 to 0.96) | 3 "symptomatic patients" | 0.20(0.06 to 0.65) | NR | NA |
| Superior reconstruction plate (n = 66) | 8 delayed unions | 15 "symptomatic patients" |
Note: AI = antero-inferior surface, LCDCP = limited contact dynamic compression plate, LCP = locking compression plate, MIPPO = minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis, NA = not applicable, NR = not reported, RTEN = retrograde titanium elastic nail.
*Unclear as to whether this was at 1-year assessment.
†No standard deviation reported; means were abstracted from graphical analyses.