Table 3.
Effect of Omega-3 PUFA Supplementation in Obese Women on Reproductive and Metabolic Hormones (n = 15)
| Baseline | After Omega-3 | Δa | Pb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unstimulated | ||||
| LH | ||||
| Mean level, IU/L | 3.3 (0.3) | 3.3 (0.3) | 0.07 (0.3) | .84 |
| No. of pulses/h | 3.1 (0.4) | 2.8 (0.3) | −0.3 (0.6) | .64 |
| Average pulse amplitude, IU/L | 1.3 (0.1) | 1.3 (0.1) | −0.04 (0.2) | .84 |
| FSH | ||||
| Mean level, IU/L | 4.4 (0.4) | 4.2 (0.2) | −0.2 (0.3) | .51 |
| Peak, IU/L | 5.1 (0.4) | 5.0 (0.3) | −0.1 (0.3) | .67 |
| GnRH-stimulated | ||||
| LH | ||||
| Mean level | ||||
| Mean level, IU/L | 6.6 (1.0) | 6.7 (1.2) | 0.2 (0.6) | .82 |
| AUC, IU/Lc | 821 (121) | 836 (150) | 14.7 (79) | .86 |
| Peak, IU/L | 9.7 (1.6) | 9.7 (1.9) | −0.06 (1.0) | .95 |
| Maximum response, IU/Ld | 7.5 (1.3) | 7.3 (1.7) | −0.1 (0.9) | .88 |
| FSH | ||||
| Mean level, IU/L | 5.1 (0.4) | 4.9 (0.3) | −0.2 (0.4) | .71 |
| AUC, IU/Lc | 615 (51) | 598 (38) | −16.9 (48) | .73 |
| Peak, IU/L | 5.8 (0.5) | 5.6 (0.4) | −0.2 (0.4) | .61 |
| Maximum response, IU/Ld | 2.0 (0.2) | 2.0 (0.3) | −0.01 (0.2) | .95 |
| AMH, ng/mL | 4.2 (0.8) | 3.9 (0.9) | −0.3 (0.4) | .43 |
| Inhibin B, pg/mL | 61.3 (5.6) | 65.8 (8.4) | 4.5 (7.9) | .53 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 90.7 (2.1) | 89.4 (3.1) | −1.2 (2.0) | .50 |
| Fasting insulin, mIU/L | 24.2 (8.6) | 18.9 (3.1) | −5.3 (6.6) | .82 |
| HOMA-IR score | 5.5 (2.2) | 4.1 (0.7) | −1.4 (1.6) | .93 |
| Plasma N6/N3 ratio | 8.6 (0.4) | 3.9 (0.4) | −4.7 (0.7) | <.01 |
| RBC N6/N3 ratio | 5.4 (0.2) | 3.4 (0.2) | −1.9 (0.3) | <.01 |
Abbreviations: HOMA-IR, HOMA for insulin resistance; N6/N3, omega-6/omega-3. Values represent mean (standard error of the mean).
a
Arithmetic difference between post omega-3 supplement and baseline
b
P value for comparing values before and post omega-3 supplement treatment in each group
c
AUC is sum of concentrations for 120 min (GnRH-stimulated) calculated using trapezoidal rule.
d
Maximum response to GnRH is defined as the peak level after GnRH bolus minus the lowest value in the hour preceding GnRH.