. 2016 Jan;137(1):e20151722. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-1722

TABLE 3.

Outcomes of UNHS Versus Risk-Factor Screening

Outcome	Normative	Demographically Adjusted Mean^a				Fully Adjusted Mean^b
Outcome	Mean (SD)	UNHS	Risk Factor	Mean Diff (95% CI)	P	Mean Diff (95% CI)	P
All children^c
Age diagnosed, mo	—	7.9	15.9	−8.0 (–12.3 to –3.7)	<.001	−6.8 (–11.1 to –2.6)	.002
Language
Receptive language	100 (15)²¹	80.9	78.0	2.9 (–5.2 to 11.0)	.48	3.4 (–2.5, 9.3)	.26
Expressive language	100 (15)²¹	81.1	76.0	5.1 (–3.3 to 13.5)	.23	5.3 (–1.1 to 11.7)	.11
Receptive vocabulary	100 (15)²²	79.7	73.9	5.8 (–4.9 to 16.6)	.29	6.2 (–0.3 to 12.7)	.06
Letter knowledge	—	12.2	9.0	3.3 (–0.3 to 6.9)	.08	2.7 (–0.4 to 5.9)	.09
Behavior problems	6.9 (5.1)²⁹	9.6	9.6	0.0 (–2.3 to 2.4)	.97	−0.1 (–2.6 to 2.5)	.94
Health-related quality of life
PedsQL	81.9 (12.6)²⁵	76.7	75.5	1.2 (–5.1 to 7.6)	.70	2.3 (–4.3 to 9.0)	.49
HUI (child)	0.90 (0.13)³⁰	0.72	0.66	0.06 (–0.04 to 0.16)	.20	0.04 (–0.04 to 0.13)	.33
HUI (parent)	0.86 (0.31)³¹	0.87	0.87	0.00 (–0.06 to 0.07)	.96	0.01 (–0.06 to 0.07)	.88
Without intellectual disability^c
Age diagnosed, months	—	7.0	16.3	−9.3 (–14.3 to –4.3)	<.001	−8.4 (–13.1 to –3.7)	.001
Language
Receptive language	100 (15)²¹	87.5	82.7	4.8 (–3.2 to 12.9)	.24	5.2 (–1.9 to 12.3)	.15
Expressive language	100 (15)²¹	87.8	80.0	7.7 (–0.9 to 16.4)	.08	8.2 (0.5 to 15.9)	.04
Receptive vocabulary	100 (15)²²	90.8	82.9	7.9 (0.0 to 15.7)	.05	8.1 (0.8 to 15.4)	.03
Letter knowledge	—	13.2	10.9	2.3 (–1.6 to 6.2)	.25	1.8 (–1.9 to 5.5)	.34
Behavior problems	6.9 (5.1)²⁹	9.9	9.2	0.7 (–1.9 to 3.3)	.61	0.8 (–1.9 to 3.5)	.56
Health-related quality of life
PedsQL	81.9 (12.6)²⁵	79.0	76.2	2.9 (–3.9 to 9.6)	.40	2.7 (–4.3 to 9.7)	.45
HUI (child)	0.90 (0.13)³⁰	0.76	0.72	0.04 (–0.04 to 0.12)	.33	0.04 (–0.04 to 0.12)	.29
HUI (parent)	0.86 (0.31)³¹	0.87	0.87	0.00 (–0.07 to 0.07)	1.00	0.00 (–0.08 to 0.07)	.91

HUI, Health Utilities Index; PedsQL, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory; --, (Letter Knowledge): no standardized normative mean; --, (age of diagnosis): N/A.

Adjusted for parent education, English as a second language, disadvantage index, gender (and age, for letter knowledge).

With additional adjustment for nonverbal IQ and current hearing loss.

Sample n varied between 101 and 120 for demographically adjusted model, and 93 to 111 for fully adjusted model. When children with intellectual disability were excluded, the sample n varied from 87 to 96 for the demographically adjusted model and 85 to 93 for the fully adjusted model.