TABLE 1.
Subject Demographic Characteristics and Risk Factors for Elevated Internalizing Symptoms, Anxiety, and Depression BASC-2 T Scores at Age 7 Years
| Variable | Total (N = 546) | Internalizing T Score | P | Anxiety T Score | P | Depression T Score | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elevateda (n = 73) | Normal (n = 473) | Elevatedb (n = 83) | Normal (n = 463) | Elevatedc (n = 59) | Normal (n = 487) | |||||
| Breastfeeding ≥4 monthsd | 295 (54) | 35 (48) | 260 (55) | .3 | 42 (51) | 253 (55) | .5 | 26 (44) | 269 (55) | .1 |
| Maternal education (high school degree or less)e | 109 (21) | 20 (28) | 89 (19) | .09 | 21 (26) | 88 (20) | .2 | 23 (40) | 86 (18) | <.01* |
| One or more parent with asthma | 227 (42) | 37 (51) | 190 (40) | .09 | 42 (51) | 185 (40) | .07 | 31 (53) | 196 (40) | .07 |
| Male | 299 (55) | 39 (53) | 260 (55) | .8 | 42 (51) | 257 (56) | .4 | 40 (68) | 259 (53) | .03* |
| African Americanf | 114 (21) | 14 (19) | 100 (21) | .7 | 15 (18) | 99 (21) | .5 | 14 (24) | 100 (21) | .6 |
| BMI at age 7 years ≥85th percentileg | 126 (23) | 21 (29) | 105 (22) | .2 | 23 (28) | 103 (22) | .3 | 20 (34) | 106 (22) | .04* |
| Sleep disturbance | 264 (48) | 40 (54) | 224 (47) | .2 | 40 (48) | 224 (48) | .9 | 36 (61) | 228 (47) | .04* |
| Cat ownershiph | 125 (24) | 19 (26) | 106 (23) | .6 | 19 (23) | 106 (24) | .98 | 12 (20) | 113 (24) | .5 |
| Dog ownershipi | 188 (36) | 30 (42) | 158 (35) | .2 | 30 (37) | 158 (35) | .8 | 21 (36) | 167 (36) | .99 |
Data are presented as n (%). P values were calculated by using Pearson’s χ2. *p < .05.
a
Internalizing composite scale BASC-2 T score >59.
b
Anxiety subscale BASC-2 T score >59.
c
Depression subscale BASC-2 T score >59.
d
Data not available for 1 subject, who was excluded from analysis.
e
Data not available for 16 subjects, who were excluded from analysis.
f
Races in this cohort were African American and white.
g
Data not available for 3 subjects, who were excluded from analysis.
h
Data not available for 15 subjects, who were excluded from analysis.
i
Data not available for 17 subjects, who were excluded from analysis.