TABLE 1.

Characteristics of Trials of Breastfeeding Interventions on Breastfeeding Outcomes Among Latina Women

Author, Year (Reference)	n	Study Design	Intervention	Study Population and Recruitment	Percent Latina	Intervention Componentsa						Timing of Interventionb			Intensity (number of intended contacts)	Provider Category	Control	Outcomes Measured	Qualityc
						A	B	C	D	E	F	A	B	C
Bonuck et al, 201438d		RCT with allocation concealed in outcome assessment		Recruited from prenatal clinic													Usual care: access to IBCLC	Any and exclusive BF at 1, 3, and 6 mo	Good
	666		(1) BINGO: LC; (2) BINGO: EP; (3) BINGO: LC+EP		(1) 61; (2) 56; (3) 56	1,3	1,2,3	1,2,3	1,3	1,3	1,3	1,2,3	1,3	1,3	(1) 6; (2) 5; (3) 11	(1) IBCLC; (2) medical provider; (3) IBCLC
	275		PAIRINGS		54	•	•	•	•	•	•	•	•	•	11	IBCLC
Howell et al, 201439	540	RCT with allocation concealed in outcome assessment		Recruited from L&D unit	62	•	•			•			•	•	2	Medical provider	Usual care: list of community resources; control: phone call	Any and exclusive BF duration at 3 wks, 3 and 6 mo	Good
Bunik et al, 201021	341	RCT; allocation not concealed in outcome assessment		Recruited from L&D unit; majority low-income Mexican-American; consider BF	88	•	•			•				•	14	Medical provider	Usual care: postpartum visits at 3–5 d and 2 wks for all mothers	Any and predominant BF at 1, 3, and 6 mo	Good
Hopkinson et al, 200922	522	RCT with allocation concealed in outcome assessment		WIC‐eligible immigrant Latinas; 85% spoke Spanish only; recruited from L&D unit; 98% plan to mixed feed	100	•	•	•		•				•	1	Lay provider	Usual care: bedside BF assistance; formula discharge packs; access to phone support	Any and exclusive BF at 1 mo	Good
Bonuck et al, 200540	382	RCT; allocation not concealed in outcome assessment	MILK	Recruited from health center prenatal class or prenatal clinic serving primarily low-income women	57	•	•	•	•	•		•	•	•	4	IBCLC	Usual care: mandatory prenatal care class; WIC BF coordinator available at 1 site	Any and exclusive BF duration at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 mo	Good
Chapman et al, 201341	206	RCT; allocation not concealed in outcome assessment but bias minimized by asking PC contact questions at end of interview		Recruited from prenatal clinic; overweight or obese and low-income; must consider BF	82	•	•	•	•		•	•	•	•	17	Lay provider	Usual care at Baby-Friendly Hospital	Any and exclusive BF at birth, 1, 3, and 6 mo	Fair
Petrova et al, 200942	104	RCT; allocation not concealed in outcome assessment		WIC participants; recruited from prenatal clinic	87.5	•	•	•	•	•		•		•	6	IBCLC	Usual care: BF education and support; access to IBCLC	Any and exclusive BF at 7 d, 1, 2, and 3 mo	Fair
Chapman et al, 200443	165	RCT; allocation not concealed in outcome assessment but bias minimized by asking PC contact questions at end of interview		Majority Puerto Rican; recruited from prenatal clinic; low-income; all participants considering BF	80	•	•		•	•		•	•	•	6	Lay provider	Usual care: prenatal BF information; hands-on assistance from a nurse in-hospital; access to IBCLC and BF phone line	Any BF at birth, 1, 3, and 6 mo	Fair
Grassley et al, 201244	106	Non-RCT	SNAC	Recruited from L&D unit; adolescents 13–20 y; plan to BF, mixed feed, or undecided	56	•	•						•		4	Medical provider	Usual care: before nurses trained in SNAC intervention	Any BF at discharge, 6 wks, and 3 mo	Poor
Sandy et al, 200945	281	RCT; allocation not concealed in outcome assessment	Best Beginnings	Mostly Dominican ethnicity; 88% born outside US; low-income, urban; recruited from prenatal clinics and WIC sites	99	•	•	•	•		•	•	•	•	Weekly until weaning	Lay provider	1 or 2 prenatal home visits; community services; information and educational materials	Any and exclusive BF during 1st week	Poor
Gill et al, 200746	200	Non-RCT		Recruited from health department prenatal clinic; low-income	100	•	•	•	•	•		•		•	11	IBCLC	Standard BF education; optional BF classes	BF initiation and any BF at 6 mo	Poor
Schlickau et al 200514	30	Non-RCT	PBE (Level 1)	Recruited from prenatal clinic; primigravid majority; recent Mexican immigrants	100	•	•					•			1	Medical provider	Usual care including BF information and advice to BF	Any and exclusive BF at 6–7 wks	Poor
Schlickau et al, 200514	200	Non-RCT	PBE + Commitment (Level 2)	Recruited from health department prenatal clinic; low-income	100	•	•	•				•			2	Medical provider	Standard BF education; optional BF classes	BF initiation and any BF at 6 mo	Poor
Anderson and colleagues, 200547 and 200748e	182	RCT; allocation not concealed in outcome assessment but bias minimized by asking PC contact questions at end of interview		Low-income; recruited from prenatal clinic; all participants considering BF	81	•	•	•	•		•	•	•	•	14	Lay provider	Usual care: in-hospital BF support and education; access to IBCLC	BF initiation and duration of exclusive BF at 1, 2, and 3 mo	Poor

BINGO: LC, Best Infant Nutrition for Good Outcomes Study: lactation consultant–only arm; BINGO: EP, BINGO: electronic prompt-only arm; PAIRINGS, Provider Approaches to Improved Rates of Infant Nutrition and Growth Study; BF, breastfeeding; L&D, labor and delivery; SNAC, Supportive Needs of Adolescents during Childbirth; MILK, Moms Into Learning about Kids; PBE, Prenatal Breastfeeding Education.

^aA, support; B, education; C, clinic visits; D, home visits; E, phone call; F, family involved.

^bA, antepartum; B, in-hospital; C, postpartum.

^cSee Supplemental Table 4 for detailed quality assessment.

^dPresents 2 studies: BINGO and PAIRINGS trials.

^eThese 2 publications present data from 1 study.