TABLE 3.
Meta-regression Results of Trials of the Association Between Breastfeeding Interventions and Breastfeeding Outcomes by Potentially Influential Intervention Characteristics
| Study Characteristic | Initiation | 1–3 Months | 4–6 Months | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study n | P | RD (95% CI) | Study n | P | RD (95% CI) | Study n | P | RD (95% CI) | |
| Any breastfeeding, overall | 12 | <.001 | 0.09 (0.04 to 0.14) | 14 | .03 | 0.10 (0.04 to 0.15) | 8 | .037 | 0.08 (0.01 to 0.15) |
| Timing of intervention | |||||||||
| Prenatal and postpartum | 10 | <.001 | 0.09 (0.03 to 0.15) | 10 | .96 | 0.13 (0.08 to 0.18) | 7 | .41 | 0.10 (0.04 to 0.15) |
| Postpartum | 2 | .02 | 0.12 (−0.03 to 0.26) | 2 | .56 | −0.02 (−0.07 to 0.04) | 1 | — | −0.09 (−0.25 to 0.06) |
| Prenatal | 0 | — | 2 | .5 | 0.16 (−0.21 to 0.52) | 0 | — | — | |
| Intervention intensity | |||||||||
| >6 contacts | 6 | .05 | 0.06 (−0.01 to 0.14) | 6 | .08 | 0.11 (0.04 to 0.18) | 5 | .01 | 0.07 (−0.03 to 0.17) |
| 3–6 contacts | 5 | .004 | 0.14 (0.05 to 0.23) | 5 | .93 | 0.12 (0.04 to 0.20) | 3 | .56 | 0.11 (−0.03 to 0.24) |
| 1–2 contacts | 1 | — | 0.04 (−0.12 to 0.20) | 3 | .5 | 0.00 (−0.10 to 0.10) | 0 | — | — |
| Provider | |||||||||
| Medical provider | 5 | .11 | 0.06 (−0.02 to 0.14) | 6 | .13 | 0.06 (−0.03 to 0.15) | 4 | .05 | 0.04 (−0.06 to 0.14) |
| IBCLC | 3 | .03 | 0.16 (0.05 to 0.27) | 4 | .84 | 0.14 (0.04 to 0.25) | 3 | .65 | 0.16 (0.03 to 0.29) |
| Lay provider | 4 | .02 | 0.07 (−0.02 to 0.16) | 4 | .10 | 0.13 (−0.09 to 0.35) | 1 | — | 0.05 (−0.10 to 0.21) |
| Exclusive breastfeeding, overall | 10 | .003 | 0.04 (0.00 to 0.08) | 8 | .39 | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.02) | |||
| Timing of intervention | |||||||||
| Prenatal and postpartum | — | — | — | 8 | .01 | 0.05 (−0.01 to 0.11) | 6 | .74 | 0.00 (−0.02 to 0.02) |
| Postpartum | — | — | — | 2 | .03 | 0.01 (−0.12 to 0.13) | 2 | .04 | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.07) |
| Prenatal | — | — | — | 0 | — | — | 0 | — | — |
| Intervention intensity | |||||||||
| >6 contacts | — | — | — | 5 | .001 | 0.05 (−0.04 to 0.14) | 4 | .27 | 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.03) |
| 3–6 contacts | — | — | — | 4 | .33 | 0.03 (−0.07 to 0.12) | 3 | .49 | 0.00 (−0.03 to 0.03) |
| 1–2 contacts | — | — | — | 1 | — | 0.06 (−0.12 to 0.25) | 1 | — | 0.03 (−0.03 to 0.09) |
| Provider | |||||||||
| Medical provider | — | — | — | 4 | .02 | 0.03 (−0.06 to 0.13) | 5 | .30 | 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.03) |
| IBCLC | — | — | — | 3 | .19 | 0.03 (−0.09 to 0.15) | 2 | .32 | −0.01 (−0.05 to 0.03) |
| Lay provider | — | — | — | 3 | .004 | 0.07 (−0.05 to 0.18) | 1 | — | 0.02 (−0.03 to 0.07) |