Table 2.
Group differences between patients with CKD and control participants in z-scores for accuracy and speed in each Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery subtest, adjusted for race, sex, and maternal education
| Neurobehavioral Function and Domain | Test Name | Group Difference in Accuracy z-Scoresa (CKD−Control), Estimate (95% CI) | P Value | Group Difference in Speed z-Scoresa (CKD−Control), Estimate (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Executive control | |||||
| Abstraction/mental flexibility | Penn Conditional Exclusion Test (PCET) | −0.20 (−0.51 to 0.12) | 0.22 | 0.27 (−0.12 to 0.66) | 0.17 |
| Attention | Penn Continuous Performance Test (PCPT) | −0.35 (−0.67 to −0.03) | 0.03 | 0.44 (0.04 to 0.83) | 0.03 |
| Working memory | Short Letter N-Back Test (SLNB) | −0.19 (−0.61 to 0.24) | 0.39 | 0.16 (−0.25 to 0.58) | 0.44 |
| Episodic memory | |||||
| Verbal memory | Penn Word Memory (CPW) | −0.25 (−0.65 to 0.15) | 0.23 | 0.13 (−0.25 to 0.50) | 0.52 |
| Facial memory | Penn Face Memory (CPF) | −0.32 (−0.68 to 0.04) | 0.08 | 0.28 (−0.14 to 0.69) | 0.20 |
| Spatial memory | Visual Object Learning Test (VOLT) | −0.35 (−0.72 to 0.01) | 0.06 | 0.37 (−0.02 to 0.76) | 0.06 |
| Complex cognition | |||||
| Verbal reasoning | Penn Verbal Reasoning Test (PVRT) | −0.53 (−0.87 to −0.19) | 0.002 | 0.08 (−0.29 to 0.45) | 0.66 |
| Nonverbal reasoning | Penn Matrix Reasoning Test (PMAT) | −0.52 (−0.83 to −0.22) | 0.001 | 0.27 (−0.07 to 0.61) | 0.12 |
| Spatial processing | Penn Line Orientation Test (PLOT) | −0.64 (−0.99 to −0.29) | <0.001 | −0.05 (−0.45 to 0.35) | 0.81 |
| Social cognition | |||||
| Emotion identification | Penn Emotion Identification Test (ER40) | −0.28 (−0.64 to 0.09) | 0.13 | 0.01 (−0.43 to 0.45) | 0.97 |
| Emotion differentiation | Penn Emotion Differentiation Test (MEDF) | −0.22 (−0.59 to 0.14) | 0.23 | 0.13 (−0.19 to 0.45) | 0.43 |
| Age differentiation | Penn Age Differentiation Test (ADT) | −0.24 (−0.61 to 0.14) | 0.21 | 0.16 (−0.18 to 0.50) | 0.35 |
95% CI, 95% confidence interval; PCET, Penn Conditional Exclusion Test; PCPT, Penn Continuous Performance Test; SLNB, Short Letter N-Back Test; CPW, Penn Word Memory; CPF, Penn Face Memory; VOLT, Visual Object Learning Test; PVRT, Penn Verbal Reasoning Test; PMAT, Penn Matrix Reasoning Test; PLOT, Penn Line Orientation Test; ER40, Penn Emotion Identification Test; MEDF, Penn Emotion Differentiation Test; ADT, Age Differentiation Test.
a
Adjusted for race, sex, and maternal education.