Table 4.
Multimodal prediction.
| Subjects | Aim | Results | Macro study | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC, MCI | To examine the combined predictive value of hippocampal volume and AD biomarkersa | Hippocampal volume supplement the prognostic accuracy of AD biomarkersa in MCI | A | Eckerström68 |
| MCI | To study prediction of dementia in MCI using neuropsychological tests, commonly used biomarkers, and hippocampal volume | Neuropsychological tests were the best predictors of dementia. A combination of markers improved the predictive ability | A | Eckerström69 |
| MCI | To study how prognosis is related to neuropsychological tests, levels of CSF biomarkers, hippocampal volume, and WMC | All studied markers with the exception of WMC predicted dementia. The absence of pathologic markers provided long-time protection from dementia | A | Eckerström70 |
AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; HC, healthy (cognitively normal) control; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; WMC, white matter changes.
Macro study A: Gothenburg MCI study.
a
AD biomarkers: Aβ1-42, T-tau, and P-tau181 (in some studies only Aβ1-42 and T-tau).