Fig. 7.

qRT-PCR validation of 13 DEGs identified by RNA-Seq. The relative expression levels of 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h CuSO₄ treated sample were presented. The housekeeping gene α-tubulin (TUA) was used as an internal control for qRT-PCR normalization. The relative expression level of control was considered as 1, and the control samples were not shown in the figure