Table 1.
Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of study participants at baseline and after 3 year
| Baseline | 3 year later | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n = 120) | Female (n = 120) | P | Male (n = 120) | Female (n = 120) | P | |
| Height (cm) | 130.6 (128.8−131.9) | 136.0 (133.8−138.6) | <0.001b | 150.8 ± 7.0 | 153.1 ± 5.3 | 0.004a |
| Weight (kg) | 28.5 (26.1−31.3) | 31.9 (28.2−36.5) | <0.001b | 43.4 (36.6−51.2) | 43.4 (40.8−49.3) | 0.213b |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 16.9 (15.4−18.4) | 17.5 (16.2−19.2) | 0.047b | 19.2 (17.4−22.0) | 19.6 (17.9−21.9) | 0.298b |
| WC (cm) | 57.0 (53.8−61.0) | 59.5 (56.0−64.0) | 0.004b | 65.0 (59.6−74.5) | 66.0 (61.7−72.9) | 0.625b |
| SBP (mmHg) | 105.5 (98.0−110.0) | 105.0 (100.0−112.0) | 0.676b | 110.0 (110.0−120.0) | 115.0 (110.0−120.0) | 0.032b |
| DBP (mmHg) | 66.0 (60.0−70.0) | 65.5 (60.0−72.0) | 0.544b | 70.0 (65.0−80.0) | 75.0 (70.0−80.0) | 0.022b |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.6 (4.3−4.9) | 4.7 (4.5−5.0) | 0.376b | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 0.584a |
| Insulin (μIU/ml) | 6.6 (5.0−8.0) | 7.4 (5.7−9.1) | 0.026b | – | – | – |
| HOMA-IR | 1.4 (1.0−1.7) | 1.5 (1.1−2.0) | 0.110b | – | – | – |
| HOMA-β | 110.3 (80.6−158.4) | 115.3 (79.9−165.2) | 0.893b | – | – | – |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.3 (3.9−4.7) | 4.3 (3.8−4.7) | 0.527b | 3.9 (3.5−4.4) | 4.0 (3.7−4.4) | 0114b |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.7 (0.5−1.0) | 0.7 (0.5−1.0) | 0.324b | 0.8 (0.6−1.1) | 0.9 (0.8−1.2) | <0.001b |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.2−1.7) | 1.5 (1.3−1.6) | 0.942b | 1.4 (1.2−1.7) | 1.4 (1.2−1.5) | 0.133b |
| AST (IU/L) | 26.0 (23.0−30.0) | 26.0 (22.0−29.0) | 0.326b | 25.0 (23.0−29.) | 21.0 (18.0−24.0) | <0.001b |
| ALT (IU/L) | 22.0 (20.0−25.0) | 23.0 (21.0−26.0) | 0.406b | 14.0 (12.0−18.0) | 11.0 (10.0−13.0) | <0.001b |
All values are mean ± standard deviation or median and interquartile range
BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase
a Independent t-test or b the Mann–Whitney U