Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics by gender and depression of the CDRF study population in Chennai, India
| Variable | Males (n = 510) | Females (n = 543) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | No depression (PHQ-9 < 5) Mean (SD) or n (%) | Any depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) Mean (SD) or n (%) | No depression (PHQ-9 < 5) Mean (SD) or n (%) | Any depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) Mean (SD) or n (%) | |
| Age | 34.9 (0.65) | 36.5 (0.66) | |||
| Marital status | |||||
| Single | 256 (24.4) | 128 (35.9) | 36 (23.7) | 66 (26.7) | 26 (8.9) |
| Married | 693 (65.9) | 226 (63.5) | 113 (74.3) | 160 (64.8) | 192 (65.7) |
| Widowed/divorced | 102 (9.7) | 2 (0.6) | 3 (1.9) | 21 (8.5) | 74 (25.3) |
| Occupation | |||||
| Housework | 252 (24.1) | 5 (1.4) | 7 (4.6) | 117 (47.6) | 122 (42.1) |
| Skilled or unskilled manual | 490 (46.8) | 208 (58.6) | 95 (62.9) | 67 (27.2) | 118 (40.7) |
| Farming | 77 (7.4) | 33 (9.3) | 11 (7.3) | 12 (49) | 21 (7.2) |
| Student | 128 (12.2) | 61 (17.2) | 18 (11.9) | 35 (14.2) | 12 (4.1) |
| Professional/business owner | 64 (6.1) | 35 (9.9) | 10 (6.6) | 6 (2.4) | 12 (4.1) |
| Unemployed/Other | 37 (3.5) | 13 (3.7) | 10 (6.6) | 6 (3.7) | 5 (1.7) |
| Religion | |||||
| Hindu | 928 (88.5) | 316 (89.0) | 113 (88.1) | 222 (90.2) | 252 (86.9) |
| Christianity | 104 (9.9) | 31 (8.7) | 18 (11.9) | 19 (7.7) | 35 (12.1) |
| Other (Muslim, Sikh) | 16 (1.5) | 8 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (2.0) | 3 (1.0) |
| Education | |||||
| Illiterate or no formal education | 313 (30.0) | 59 (16.8) | 45 (30.0) | 58 (23.7) | 149 (51.6) |
| Primary | 127 (12.2) | 36 (10.2) | 24 (16.0) | 30 (12.2) | 37 (12.8) |
| Secondary | 515 (49.4) | 212 (60.2) | 65 (43.3) | 135 (55.1) | 99 (34.3) |
| Graduate/professional | 87 (8.4) | 45 (12.8) | 16 (10.7) | 22 (8.9) | 4 (1.4) |
| Physical Activity (quartiles of number of hours per week of moderate- and vigorous-physical activity) | |||||
| 1st quartile (<=1) | 167 (21.9) | 50 (19.3) | 21 (18.9) | 56 (32.6) | 40 (18.5) |
| 2nd quartile (>1-3) | 181 (23.8) | 60 (23.2) | 28 (25.2) | 42 (24.4) | 50 (23.2) |
| 3rd quartile (>3-6) | 202 (26.6) | 61 (23.5) | 34 (30.6) | 40 (23.3) | 67 (31.0) |
| 4th quartile (>6) | 210 (27.6) | 88 (33.9) | 28 (25.2) | 34 (19.8) | 59 (27.3) |
| Suicidal attempts | |||||
| No | 1011 (96.4) | 353 (99.4) | 142 (93.4) | 244 (98.8) | 269 (92.1) |
| Yes | 38 (3.6) | 2 (0.6) | 10 (6.6) | 3 (1.2) | 23 (7.9) |
| Alcohol use | |||||
| Never | 726 (69.5) | 150 (42.1) | 42 (27.8) | 244 (100.0) | 287 (99.3) |
| <=1 time/week | 170 (16.3) | 110 (30.9) | 58 (38.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) |
| 2-3 times/week | 72 (6.9) | 47 (13.2) | 24 (15.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) |
| 4+ times/week | 76 (7.3) | 49 (13.8) | 27 (17.9) | NIL | NIL |
| AUDIT score | |||||
| Non-drinker (0–7) | 726 (69.6) | 150 (42.2) | 42 (27.8) | 244 (100.0) | 287 (99.3) |
| Low risk (8–15) | 95 (9.1) | 66 (18.6) | 28 (18.5) | NIL | NIL |
| Harmful, hazardous (16–19) | 69 (6.6) | 45 (12.7) | 23 (15.2) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.4) |
| Alcohol dependence (20–45) | 153 (14.7) | 94 (26.5) | 58 (38.4) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.4) |