Table 3.
Intra-household associationa of depression in women and alcohol drinking (AUDIT score) among men in Chennai, India
| Mild depression (PHQ-9 = 5-9) | Moderate-severe depression (PHQ-9 = 10-27) | Any depressionb (PHQ-9 = 5-27) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drinking pattern (AUDIT score) | Age-adjusted OR | 95 % CI | P value | Multi-variate ORc | 95 % CI | P value | Age-adjusted OR | 95 % CI | P value | Multi-variate ORc | 95 % CI | P Value | Age- adjusted OR | 95 % CI | P value | Multi-variate ORc | 95 % CI | P value |
| Non-drinkers (scored: 0–7) | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||||||||
| Low risk (score: 8–15) | 1.97 | (0.99, 3.90) | 0.05 | 1.80 | (0.73, 4.44) | 0.19 | 1.18 | (0.55, 2.49) | 0.66 | 1.15 | (0.41, 3.23) | 0.78 | 1.88 | (1.01, 3.49) | 0.04 | 1.64 | (0.71, 3.78) | 0.24 |
| Harmful, hazardous (score: 16–19) | 1.14 | (0.50, 2.61) | 0.75 | 1.03 | (0.38, 2.79) | 0.95 | 1.66 | (0.72, 3.81) | 0.22 | 1.49 | (0.51, 4.30) | 0.46 | 1.40 | (0.69, 2.86) | 0.34 | 1.06 | (0.44, 2.53) | 0.88 |
| Alcohol dependence (score: 20–45) | 1.11 | (0.61, 2.03) | 0.71 | 0.99 | (0.46, 2.12) | 0.98 | 0.69 | (0.34, 1.37) | 0.29 | 0.82 | (0.32, 2.09) | 0.67 | 1.01 | (0.57, 1.76) | 0.97 | 0.85 | (0.42, 1.72) | 0.65 |
aBased on logistic regression models with correlated errors accounting for intra-group correlation of depression in women of the same household
bAny depression is defined as a composite variable for mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression
cAdjusted for age, occupation, monthly household expenditures, physical activity, number of household members, pain in past 4 weeks, number of self-reported NCD’s (eg, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, angina, kidney, cancer, asthma)
dAUDIT score