Table 2.

Psychological outcome measures

Concept	Instrument	Subscales used	Items	Score-range	α	Higher scores indicates
Quality of life	EORTC	Global health status	2	0-100	.88	Better overall health and quality of life
	QLQ-C30
		Physical functioning	5	0-100	.72	Better functioning
		Role functioning	2	0-100	.86	Better functioning
		Emotional functioning	4	0-100	.86	Better functioning
		Cognitive functioning	2	0-100	.70	Better functioning
		Social functioning	2	0-100	.70	Better functioning
		Fatigue	3	0-100	.87	Higher level of problems
		Nausea and vomiting	2	0-100	.52	Higher level of problems
		Pain	2	0-100	.82	Higher level of problems
		Dyspnea	1	0-100		Higher level of problems
		Insomnia	1	0-100		Higher level of problems
		Appetite loss	1	0-100		Higher level of problems
		Constipation	1	0-100		Higher level of problems
		Diarrhea	1	0-100		Higher level of problems
		Financial difficulties	1	0-100		Higher level of problems
						Higher level of problems
Anxiety, depression	HADS	Anxiety	7	0-21	.84	More morbidity
		Depression	7	0-21	.80	More morbidity
Adjustment to cancer	MAC	Positive adjustment			.78	More positive adjustment
		Fighting spirit	16	16-64
		Avoidance	1	1-4
		Negative adjustment			.84	More negative adjustment
		Helplessness/Hopelessness	6	6-24
		Anxious preoccupation	9	9-36
		Fatalism	8	8-32
Illness perception	Brief IPQ	Consequences, Timeline, Personal control, Identity, Concern, Coherence, Emotional representation	7	0-70	.80	More threatening view of the illness
Problem solving orientation	SPSI–R:S	Positive problem orientation	5	0-4	.72	Positive outcome and self-efficacy expectancies, less emotional distress
		Negative problem orientation	5	0-4	.86	Negative outcome and self-efficacy expectancies, more emotional distress

Note: QLQ-C30: Quality of Life Questionnaire; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MAC: Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale; Brief IPQ: Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire; SPSI–R:S: Short Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised; α: Cronbach’s α