Table 6.
Correlates of adherence to recommendations (N = 236)
| Adherence to an increasing number of lifestyle recommendations | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||||||
| Variable | B | (95 % CI) | p | B | (95 % CI) | p | B | (95 % CI) | p | B | (95 % CI) | p |
| Age | .000 | (-.02; .02) | .962 | .004 | (-.13; .02) | .610 | -.006 | (-.02; .01) | .441 | -.010 | (-.02; .01) | .201 |
| Female gender | .655 | (.18; 1.13) | .007 | .686 | (.18; 1.19) | .008 | .398 | (-.60; .86) | .088 | .462 | (.02; .90) | .039* |
| Marital status: with partner | .566 | (.08;1.06) | .024 | .460 | (-.55; .98) | .080 | .284 | (-.17; .74) | .221 | .391 | (-.44; .83) | .078 |
| Education, low = ref | ||||||||||||
| Medium | .200 | (-.19; .59) | .307 | .215 | (-.19; .62) | .291 | .035 | (-.33; .40) | .850 | -.019 | (-.37; .33) | .915 |
| High | .601 | (.24; .96) | .001 | .534 | (.15; .92) | .006 | .029 | (-.34; .40) | .877 | .117 | (-.33; .47) | .517 |
| Income, above average = ref. | ||||||||||||
| Average | .067 | (-.28; .42) | .703 | -.021 | (-.38; .33) | .907 | -.063 | (-.38; .25) | .695 | -.030 | (-.33; .27) | .844 |
| Below average | .062 | (-.40; .52) | .789 | .037 | (-.48; .56) | .889 | -.203 | (-.66; .26) | .384 | -.083 | (-.52; .36) | .709 |
| Cancer type, other = ref | ||||||||||||
| Breast | .459 | (-.12; 1.04) | .122 | .281 | (-.35; .91) | .381 | .130 | (-.43; .69) | .646 | .046 | (-.47; .60) | .813 |
| Colon | .291 | (-.26; .84) | .296 | .224 | (-.37; 82) | .461 | .087 | (-.41;.62) | .744 | .145 | (-.36; .65) | .570 |
| Treatment; all1 = ref | ||||||||||||
| Surgery alone | .076 | (-.47; .60) | .805 | -.004 | (-.57; .56) | .988 | .128 | (-.39; .64) | .626 | .033 | (-.46; .52) | .894 |
| Surgery + chemo | .049 | (-.31; .50) | .644 | .053 | (-.37; .47) | .803 | .025 | (-.35; .40) | .897 | .027 | (-.33; .39) | .882 |
| Surgery + radiation | -.467 | (-.90; -.04) | .034 | -.459 | (-.91; -.01) | .046 | -.209 | (-.69; .11) | .157 | -.264 | (-.66; .14) | .195 |
| Other | .577 | (-.11; 1.26) | .100 | .573 | (-.48; 1.44) | .123 | .123 | (-.53; 78) | .711 | .107 | (-.52; .73) | .736 |
| Participating in aftercare | -.083 | (-.41; .24) | .611 | .006 | (-.33; .35) | .971 | -.123 | (-.42; .18) | .420 | -.105 | (-.39; .18) | .472 |
| Time after treatment | .009 | (-.00; .02) | .098 | .010 | (-.01; .02) | .109 | .009 | (-.00; .02) | .091 | .012 | (.00; .02) | .024* |
| BMI | .021 | (-.01; .06) | .230 | .017 | (-.02; .05) | .347 | .013 | (-.02; .05) | .445 | .006 | (-.03; .04) | .734 |
| Glob. Health/QoL | - | – | – | –.012 | (–.03; .01) | .080 | –.010 | (–.02; .00) | .086 | –.009 | (–.02; .00) | .115 |
| Physical funct. | – | – | – | –.003 | (–.02; .02) | .740 | –.004 | (–.02; .01) | .604 | –.004 | (–.02; .01) | .619 |
| Role funct. | – | – | – | .014 | (.03; .03) | .015 | .010 | (.01;.02) | .036 | .010 | (.00; .02) | .027* |
| Emotional funct. | – | – | – | .001 | (–.01; .01) | .854 | .006 | (–.01; .02) | .320 | .007 | (–.00; .02) | .184 |
| Cognitive funct. | – | – | – | –.012 | (–.02; –.00) | .008 | –.009 | (–.02; –.00) | .030 | –.009 | (–.02; –.00) | .026* |
| Social funct. | – | – | – | –.004 | (–.01; .01) | .493 | –.004 | (–.01; .01) | .364 | –.004 | (–.01; .01) | .400 |
| Body Image | – | – | – | .002 | (–.01; .01) | .658 | .002 | (–.01; .01) | .657 | .002 | (–.01; .01) | .554 |
| Fatigue | – | – | – | .001 | (–.01; .01) | .922 | .000 | (–.01; .01) | .980 | .001 | (–.01; .01) | .779 |
| Nausea en Vomiting | – | – | – | –.010 | (–.03; .01) | .254 | –.010 | (–.03; .01) | .198 | –.005 | (–.02; .01) | .517 |
| Pain | – | – | – | .002 | (–.01; .01) | .713 | .005 | (–.00; .01) | .243 | .006 | (–.00; .01) | .140 |
| Dyspnea | – | – | – | –.006 | (–.01; .00) | .124 | .002 | (–.01; .01) | .620 | .001 | (–.01; .01) | .799 |
| Insomnia | – | – | – | –.002 | (–.01; .00) | .576 | .001 | (–.01; .01) | .998 | .001 | (–.01; .01) | .992 |
| Appetite loss | – | – | – | –.002 | (–.01; .01) | .759 | –.001 | (–.01; .01) | .856 | –.001 | (–.01; .01) | .869 |
| Constipation | – | – | – | –.006 | (–.01; .00) | .202 | –.002 | (–.01; .01) | .653 | –.002 | (–.01; .00) | .544 |
| Diarrhea | – | – | – | –.001 | (–.01; .01) | .811 | .001 | (–.01; .01) | .862 | –.001 | (–.01; .01) | .824 |
| Financial difficulties | – | – | – | –.005 | (–.01; .00) | .268 | –.003 | (–.01; .01) | .983 | –.002 | (–.01; .01) | .531 |
| Anxiety | – | – | – | –.033 | (–.10; .03) | .325 | –.007 | (–.07; .05) | .818 | –.018 | (–.07; .04) | .531 |
| Depression | – | – | – | –.016 | (–.09; .05) | .652 | –.049 | (–.11; .01) | .127 | –.024 | (–.09; .04) | .445 |
| Positive adjustment | – | – | – | .023 | (.00; .05) | .048 | .025 | (.01; .05) | .016 | .020 | (.00; .04) | .045* |
| Negative adjustment | – | – | – | .007 | (–.02; .05) | .648 | .026 | (–01; .05) | .058 | .023 | (–.00; .05) | .095 |
| Illness perception | – | – | – | .005 | (–.01; .02) | .573 | .003 | (–.01; .02) | .693 | .002 | (–.01; .02) | .825 |
| PPO | – | – | – | .042 | (–.16; .24) | .684 | –.003 | (–.19; .018) | .975 | .006 | (–.17; .18) | .944 |
| NPO | – | – | – | .088 | (–.12; .29) | .394 | .115 | (–.07; .30) | .216 | .089 | (–.09; .26) | .317 |
| Alcohol: Attitude | – | – | – | – | – | – | .084 | (–.03; .20) | .158 | .020 | (–.13; .17) | .783 |
| Social support | – | – | – | – | – | – | .000 | (.00; .00) | .184 | .000 | (.00; .001) | .266 |
| Self–efficacy | – | – | – | – | – | – | .052 | (–.06; .16) | .344 | .053 | (–.05; .16) | .306 |
| Nutrition: Attitude | – | – | – | – | – | – | .373 | (.17; .58) | .000 | .265 | (.06; .47) | .010* |
| Social support | – | – | – | – | – | – | –.001 | (–.00; .00) | .301 | –.001 | (–.00; .00) | .295 |
| Self–efficacy | – | – | – | – | – | – | .112 | (–.06; .28) | .200 | –.037 | (–.21; .14) | .671 |
| Physical Activity: Attitude | – | – | – | – | – | – | –.184 | (–.46; .09) | .193 | –.157 | (–.44; .12) | .269 |
| Social support | – | – | – | – | – | – | –.001 | (–.00; .00) | .170 | –.001 | (–.00; .00) | .206 |
| Self–efficacy | – | – | – | – | – | – | .104 | (–.07; .27) | .227 | .080 | (–.09; .25) | .347 |
| Smoking: Attitude | .153 | (–.07; .38) | .184 | .100 | (–.13; .34) | .387 | ||||||
| Social support | – | – | – | – | – | – | .020 | (–.06; .10) | .623 | .000 | (–.08; .08) | .993 |
| Self–efficacy | – | – | – | – | – | – | .323 | (.17; .47) | .000 | .330 | (.19; 48) | .000** |
| Intention | ||||||||||||
| Alcohol cons. | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | .066 | (–.05; .18) | .373 |
| Vegetable cons. | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | .112 | (–.04; .26) | .144 |
| Fruit cons. | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | .263 | (.13; .39) | .000** |
| Physical activity | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | .045 | (–.16; .25) | .668 |
| Smoking | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | –.009 | (–.12; .10) | .874 |
| Constant B (SE) | .932 (.77) | .795 (1.85) | −2.728 (1.78) | −3.72 (1.72) | ||||||||
| R2 | .172 | .289 | .502 | .567 | ||||||||
| Sig. F Change | .000 | .109 | .000 | .000 | ||||||||
Note: From Sequential Multiple Regression (continuous outcomes) and Sequential Logistic Regression (smoking) entry step 4 is displayed. Forced entry (enter) method was used. Abbreviations: ExpB: odds ratio; ref: reference group; BMI: Body Mass Index; EORTC: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer; QoL: Quality of Life; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MAC: Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale; IPQ: Illness Perception Questionnaire; SPSIR–R:S Short Social Problem Solving Inventory–Revised; Chemo: chemotherapy; PPO: positive problem orientation; NPO: negative problem orientation; R2:correlation coefficient squared
1all = surgery + chemotherapy + radiation
2Dependent variable encoding: if participant is former smoker 1; if participant is current smoker 0 p–value of Wald test is presented
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01