Table 4.

Mean (±sem) uBPA and gBPA Levels (ng/mL) in Maternal First Trimester, Maternal Term, and Term Cord Blood as it Relates to Subject Characteristics

Characteristics	N	Maternal 1st Trimester		Maternal Term		Umbilical Cord
		uBPA	gBPA	uBPA	gBPA	uBPA	gBPA
Race
Caucasian	61	3.0 ± 1.2d	0.7 ± 0.2d,e	11.0 ± 2.2	0.5 ± 0.2d,e	3.8 ± 0.9	0.5 ± 0.1
African-American	7	1.5 ± 0.8d,e	0.07 ± 0.05d	10.9 ± 3.5	0.07 ± 0.05d	0.08 ± 0.03	0.4 ± 0.2
Othera	11	17.1 ± 9.1e	1.8 ± 1.0e	18.3 ± 10.1	1.7 ± 1.4e	1.8 ± 1.0	0.8 ± 0.4
Marital status
Single/separated	18	1.0 ± 0.4	0.3 ± 0.2	9.4 ± 2.7	0.2 ± 0.1	3.6 ± 2.3	0.7 ± 0.2
Marriedb	62	5.9 ± 2.1	0.9 ± 0.3	12.6 ± 2.7	0.8 ± 0.3	3.0 ± 0.7	0.5 ± 0.1
Education
College, <1–2 y	16	2.8 ± 2.0	0.7 ± 0.5	10.8 ± 5.1	1.1 ± 1.0	3.7 ± 2.6	0.6 ± 0.3
>Bachelors	57	5.9 ± 2.2	0.7 ± 0.3	11.3 ± 2.7	0.5 ± 0.2	3.3 ± 0.8	0.5 ± 0.1
Sex
Boy	46	6.2 ± 2.7	0.7 ± 0.3	11.9 ± 3.2	0.3 ± 0.1	3.1 ± 0.9	0.4 ± 0.1
Girl	34	2.8 ± 1.2	0.9 ± 0.3	11.9 ± 2.8	1.1 ± 0.5	3.2 ± 1.3	0.6 ± 0.2
Smoking
Nonsmoker	70	5.4 ± 1.9	0.9 ± 0.2	12.0 ± 2.5	0.7 ± 0.3	3.3 ± 0.8	0.5 ± 0.1
Smoker	6	0.8 ± 0.4	0.1 ± 0.04	13.7 ± 4.7	0.1 ± 0.02	1.8 ± 1.5	0.2 ± 0.04
Quit <1 mo	3	0.2 ± 0.05	0.2 ± 0.1	9.0 ± 5.2	0.2 ± 0.2	2.2 ± 1.2	0.3 ± 0.1
Gravida
1	21	5.7 ± 4.5	0.7 ± 0.4	12.2 ± 4.8	0.4 ± 0.2	6.3 ± 2.3d	0.6 ± 0.2
2–7	59	4.5 ± 1.5f	0.8 ± 0.3	11.8 ± 2.4f	0.7 ± 0.3	2.0 ± 0.5e,F	0.5 ± 0.1
Parity
0	31	6.9 ± 3.7	0.8 ± 0.3	10.3 ± 3.3	0.5 ± 0.2	5.0 ± 1.6d	0.5 ± 0.2
1−6	49	3.5 ± 1.3	0.8 ± 0.3	12.9 ± 2.9	0.7 ± 0.3	2.0 ± 0.6e	0.5 ± 0.1
Employment
Noc	16	11.9 ± 4.9d	2.2 ± 0.9	11.9 ± 5.2	1.3 ± 1.0	4.3 ± 2.6	0.5 ± 0.3
Yes	58	3.3 ± 1.7e	0.3 ± 0.1	10.9 ± 2.6	0.5 ± 0.1	3.0 ± 0.7	0.5 ± 0.1
Apgar
≤7	20	4.3 ± 3.3	1.5 ± 0.6	10.4 ± 2.3	0.7 ± 0.3	3.3 ± 1.2	0.4 ± 0.1
8 or 9	60	5.0 ± 1.9	0.6 ± 0.2	12.4 ± 2.8	0.6 ± 0.3	3.1 ± 0.9	0.6 ± 0.1
Delivery
C/S	10	4.0 ± 2.5	0.1 ± 0.1	10.7 ± 5.1	0.2 ± 0.1	3.9 ± 1.6	0.5 ± 0.2
NSVD	70	4.9 ± 1.8	0.9 ± 0.2	12.1 ± 2.4	0.7 ± 0.3	3.0 ± 0.8	0.5 ± 0.1
Income (USD)
<25 000	15	3.4 ± 2.1	1.5 ± 0.8	18.4 ± 5.3	1.3 ± 1.0	0.8 ± 0.3	0.7 ± 0.3
25 000–49 000	11	3.6 ± 2.9	0.4 ± 0.3	7.1 ± 2.7	0.6 ± 0.6	4.3 ± 3.8	0.5 ± 0.2
50 000–74 000	17	2.6 ± 1.4	0.1 ± 0.03	6.9 ± 2.4	0.5 ± 0.3	2.5 ± 0.9	0.5 ± 0.3
75 000–99 000	13	14.5 ± 8.4	1.2 ± 0.7	11.9 ± 6.1	0.3 ± 0.1	3.4 ± 1.6	0.4 ± 0.1
100 000–125 000	10	0.5 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.3	24.1 ± 11.3	0.5 ± 0.2	5.8 ± 2.1	0.5 ± 0.2
>125 000	11	0.9 ± 0.4	1.4 ± 0.7	7.2 ± 2.7	0.7 ± 0.3	4.1 ± 2.6	0.4 ± 0.1
Landfill exposure
No	76	5.0 ± 1.7	0.8 ± 0.2	12.0 ± 2.3	0.7 ± 0.2	3.2 ± 0.8	0.5 ± 0.1
Yes	3	0.4 ± 0.3	0.2 ± 0.1	12.7 ± 12.2	0.2 ± 0.1	3.8 ± 2.7	0.2 ± 0.0
Canned food
No	30	5.8 ± 2.7	1.1 ± 0.5	8.4 ± 2.8	0.8 ± 0.5	2.3 ± 0.7	0.5 ± 0.2
Yes	49	4.2 ± 2.1	0.6 ± 0.2	14.3 ± 3.1	0.6 ± 0.2	3.7 ± 1.1	0.5 ± 0.1
Fast food
No	48	2.8 ± 1.0	0.8 ± 0.3	12.0 ± 3.0	0.7 ± 0.3	3.7 ± 1.1	0.5 ± 0.1
Yes	31	8.0 ± 3.9	0.8 ± 0.3	12.1 ± 3.3	0.6 ± 0.2	2.3 ± 1.0	0.5 ± 0.1

Abbreviation: C/S, Cesarean section; NSVD, normal spontaneous vaginal delivery.

All significant differences are indicated in bold.

N < 80 for each variable represents missing data in that variable.

^aAsian, native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Hispanic, or multiracial,

^bMarried or significant other,

^cUnemployed, student, or homemaker.

^{d ≠ e} Significant differences (P < .05) within a time point (M1, maternal term, or term cord blood).

^fSignificant differences (P < .05) across the three time points.